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Brauchen wir höhere "Reichensteuern"?

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  • Johann Eekhoff

Abstract

The motivation for a high tax rate on high incomes is often based on the attempt to deprive "the rich" of some of their economic wealth even though the individual might not take any advantage of this. The reason for charging higher taxes on "the rich" should be based on the general principles of taxation. It is a question of general rules irrespective of a particular situation. Nobel Prize winner James Buchanan proposed to take decisions concerning society behind a theoretical "veil of ignorance". The responsible authority should decide under complete uncertainty about any positive or negative personal consequences. According to the principle of subsidiarity a citizen is not entitled to public transfers unless he first uses his financial means and his ability to work. The main task of the capital stock is to raise labor productivity and to increase employment. Therefore, not the capital stock, but the consumption of capital should be charged with taxes. Die Motivation für eine Reichensteuer liegt oftmals in dem Wunsch, den Reichen etwas von ihrem Wohlstand zu nehmen, auch wenn für den Einzelnen damit nicht zwingend ein Vorteil verbunden ist. Die Forderung, "die Reichen" stärker zu besteuern, bedarf einer klaren Begründung, die im Einklang mit den allgemeinen Steuergrundsätzen steht. Dann stellt sich die Frage nach allgemeinen situationsunabhängigen Regeln. Der Nobelpreisträger James Buchanan hat vorgeschlagen, Entscheidungsregeln für die Gesellschaft hinter dem gedanklichen "Schleier der Ungewissheit" zu treffen. Der Entscheidungsträger solle so entscheiden, als sei völlig ungewiss, ob er persönlich von einer Entscheidung positiv oder negativ betroffen sein könnte. Nach dem Subsidiaritätsprinzip hat ein Bürger nur dann einen Anspruch auf ergänzende staatliche Hilfen, wenn er zuerst seine eigenen finanziellen Möglichkeiten und seine Arbeitsfähigkeit in vollem Umfang einsetzt. Der Aufbau eines Kapitalstocks dient gleichzeitig der Gesellschaft, weil die Produktivität der Arbeit gesteigert und Arbeitsplätze geschaffen werden. Deshalb sollte nicht der Kapitalstock, sondern der Kapitalverzehr besteuert werden.

Suggested Citation

  • Johann Eekhoff, 2013. "Brauchen wir höhere "Reichensteuern"?," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 82(1), pages 35-42.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwvjh:82-1-3
    DOI: 10.3790/vjh.82.1.35
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Income taxation; redistribution; efficiency;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H24 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
    • H23 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution

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