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Verkehrslärm: Beeinträchtigungen und Minderungsstrategien

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  • Michael Jäcker-Cueppers

Abstract

Traffic noise does not only cause annoyance but also health risks. Traffic noise abatement is therefore an urgent task in the current environmental policy with noise regulations to limit exposures and emissions and economic instruments playing an important role. The most severe noise problems refer to long existing infrastructures ("hot spots") and to the existing fleets for which regulations are mostly missing. The current noise abatement strategies are therefore insufficient despite the progress mainly in rail and airport noise abatement. Furthermore, an integrated approach to deal with multiple exposures in a harmonised way does not exist. The different administrative levels of action (communities, regions, states, EU etc.) are not sufficiently integrated. This paper proposes an integrated and harmonised noise abatement strategy including economic instruments for the internalisation of external noise costs. Verkehrslärm ist nicht nur belästigend, sondern führt auch zu gesundheitlichen Risiken und damit zu hohen externen Kosten. Seine Bekämpfung ist daher ein dringendes Gebot der Umweltschutzpolitik. Dabei sind sowohl ordnungsrechtliche Instrumente zur Begrenzung der Emissionen und Immissionen sowie zunehmend auch ökonomische Instrumente einzusetzen. Das Hauptproblem bei der Lärmbekämpfung sind die schon seit langem bestehenden Verkehrswege und Flughäfen sowie die jeweiligen Bestandsflotten, da hierfür das ordnungsrechtliche Instrumentarium kaum entwickelt ist. Die aktuelle Lärmschutzpolitik ist deshalb - trotz der Fortschritte, die besonders bei der Bekämpfung des Schienenverkehrs- und Fluglärms erzielt wurden - unzureichend. Die einzelnen Lärmquellen werden zudem isoliert und in unterschiedlicher Form angegangen, eine kumulative Betrachtung von Mehrfachbelastungen findet nicht statt. Die verschiedenen Handlungsebenen der Lärmschutzpolitik (Gemeinden, Länder, Bund, EU etc.) sind zudem unzureichend abgestimmt. Im vorliegenden Artikel werden Vorschläge für eine integrierte und harmonisierte Lärmschutzstrategie vorgestellt und diskutiert, die auch den stärkeren Einsatz ökonomischer Instrumente zur Internalisierung externer Lärmkosten umfasst.

Suggested Citation

  • Michael Jäcker-Cueppers, 2010. "Verkehrslärm: Beeinträchtigungen und Minderungsstrategien," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 79(2), pages 77-93.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwvjh:79-2-5
    DOI: 10.3790/vjh.79.2.77
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Noise effects ; External costs; traffi c noise abatement; economic instruments;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q51 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Valuation of Environmental Effects
    • Q53 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling
    • Q58 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Government Policy

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