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The Maximum Entropy Distribution of an Asset Inferred from Option Prices

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Author Info
Buchen, Peter W.
Kelly, Michael
Abstract

This paper describes the application of the Principle of Maximum Entropy to the estimation of the distribution of an underlying asset from a set of option prices. The resulting distribution is least committal with respect to unknown or missing information and is, hence, the least prejudiced. The maximum entropy distribution is the only information about the asset that can be inferred from the price data alone. An extension to the Principle of Minimum Cross-Entropy allows the inclusion of prior knowledge of the asset distribution. We show that the maximum entropy distribution is able to accurately fit a known density, given simulated option prices at different strikes.

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Article provided by Cambridge University Press in its journal Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis.

Volume (Year): 31 (1996)
Issue (Month): 01 (March)
Pages: 143-159
Download reference. The following formats are available: HTML (with abstract), plain text (with abstract), BibTeX, RIS (EndNote, RefMan, ProCite), ReDIF
Handle: RePEc:cup:jfinqa:v:31:y:1996:i:01:p:143-159_00

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  1. Patrick Gagliardini & C. Gourieroux & E. Renault, 2005. "Efficient Derivative Pricing by Extended Method of Moments," University of St. Gallen Department of Economics working paper series 2005 2005-05, Department of Economics, University of St. Gallen. [Downloadable!]
  2. Robert J. Elliott & Leunglung Chan & Tak Kuen Siu, 2005. "Option pricing and Esscher transform under regime switching," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 1(4), pages 423-432, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Robert R Bliss & Nikolaos Panigirtzoglou, . "Testing the stability of implied probability density functions," Bank of England working papers 114, Bank of England. [Downloadable!]
  4. Dupont, Dominique Y., 2001. "Extracting Risk-Neutral Probability Distributions from Option Prices Using Trading Volume as a Filter," Economics Series 104, Institute for Advanced Studies. [Downloadable!]
  5. Jackwerth, Jens Carsten, 1999. "Option Implied Risk-Neutral Distributions and Implied Binomial Trees: A Literature Review," MPRA Paper 11634, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
  6. Ramaprasad Bhar, Carl Chiarella, 2000. "Expectations of monetary policy in Australia implied by the probability distribution of interest rate derivatives," European Journal of Finance, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 6(2), pages 113-125, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Ming Yuan, 2009. "State price density estimation via nonparametric mixtures," Quantitative Finance Papers 0910.1430, arXiv.org. [Downloadable!]
  8. Marco Avellaneda, Craig Friedman, Richard Holmes, Dominick Samperi, 1997. "Calibrating volatility surfaces via relative-entropy minimization," Applied Mathematical Finance, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 4(1), pages 37-64, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Rockinger, M. & Jondeau, E., 2001. "Entropy Densities: with an Application to Autoregressive Conditional Skewness and Kurtosis," Documents de Travail 79, Banque de France. [Downloadable!]
  10. Mc Manus, Des, 1999. "The Information Content of Interest Rate Futures Options," Working Papers 99-15, Bank of Canada. [Downloadable!]
  11. Martin Cincibuch, 2002. "Distributions Implied by Exchange Traded Options: A Ghost’s Smile?," CERGE-EI Working Papers wp200, The Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education - Economic Institute, Prague. [Downloadable!]
  12. René Garcia & Eric Ghysels & Éric Renault, 2004. "The Econometrics of Option Pricing," CIRANO Working Papers 2004s-04, CIRANO. [Downloadable!]
  13. Sheri Markose & Amadeo Alentorn, 2005. "Option Pricing and the Implied Tail Index with the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) Distribution," Computing in Economics and Finance 2005 397, Society for Computational Economics. [Downloadable!]
  14. Marie Brière, 2006. "Market Reactions to Central Bank Communication Policies : Reading Interest Rate Options Smiles," Working Papers CEB 06-009.RS, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Solvay Brussels School of Economics and Management, Centre Emile Bernheim (CEB). [Downloadable!]
  15. Vladislav Kargin, 2003. "Consistent Estimation of Pricing Kernels from Noisy Price Data," Quantitative Finance Papers math/0310223, arXiv.org. [Downloadable!]
  16. Rama CONT, 1998. "Beyond implied volatility: extracting information from option prices," Finance 9804002, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
  17. Vladislav Kargin, 2003. "Consistent Estimation of Pricing Kernels from Noisy Price Data," Finance 0311001, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
  18. Christian Capuano, 2008. "The option-iPoD. The Probability of Default Implied by Option Prices based on Entropy," IMF Working Papers 08/194, International Monetary Fund. [Downloadable!]
  19. Sheri Markose & Amadeo Alentorn, 2005. "The Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) Distribution, Implied Tail Index and Option Pricing," Economics Discussion Papers 594, University of Essex, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  20. Ruijun Bu & Kaddour Hadri, 2005. "Estimating the Risk Neutral Probability Density Functions Natural Spline versus Hypergeometric Approach Using European Style Options," Research Papers 200510, University of Liverpool Management School. [Downloadable!]
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