Economic Growth in England Before the Industrial Revolution: Some Methodological Issues

This paper, as presented at the Fourth Congress of the International Economic History Association, is the first of four concerned with economic growth in England before the industrial revolution, in what, for purposes of brevity and analytical distinction, I propose to call “preindustrial England.†It might be prudent for this period to talk of “economic change†(“the movement of economic processes over time†) rather than “economic growth†(“the growth of output per head of population†), because change does not necessarily imply growth, and because, for the thousand years which preceded English industrialization, the historians are uncertain about the direction and duration of the secular trend of the economy over long periods, although they seem to have identified some periods of growth as well as some periods of decline.