Some General Characteristics of Nonpartisan Elections

Out of the middle-class businessman's “Efficiency and Economy Movement†that reached full strength in the second decade of the twentieth century came a series of innovations designed to place government “on a business basis†and to weaken the power of the political parties. The movement was inspired both by the example of the success of the corporate structure in trade and industry and by revulsion against the low standards of morality to be found in many sectors of political party activity around the turn of the century. The contemporary brand of politician had recently been exposed by the “muck-rakers†and the prestige of the parties had reached a very low level.Of the numerous ideas and mechanisms adopted as a result of the reform movement, one of the most unusual was that of election without party designation. Early in the twentieth century, under the theory that judges are neutral referees, not political officers, and that political activities should therefore be discouraged in the choosing of them, many communities initiated “nonpartisan†elections (the term that is usually applied) in the balloting for judicial posts.