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How Empathic Concern Fuels Political Polarization

Author

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  • SIMAS, ELIZABETH N.
  • CLIFFORD, SCOTT
  • KIRKLAND, JUSTIN H.

Abstract

Over the past two decades, there has been a marked increase in partisan social polarization, leaving scholars in search of solutions to partisan conflict. The psychology of intergroup relations identifies empathy as one of the key mechanisms that reduces intergroup conflict, and some have suggested that a lack of empathy has contributed to partisan polarization. Yet, empathy may not always live up to this promise. We argue that, in practice, the experience of empathy is biased toward one’s ingroup and can actually exacerbate political polarization. First, using a large, national sample, we demonstrate that higher levels of dispositional empathic concern are associated with higher levels of affective polarization. Second, using an experimental design, we show that individuals high in empathic concern show greater partisan bias in evaluating contentious political events. Taken together, our results suggest that, contrary to popular views, higher levels of dispositional empathy actually facilitate partisan polarization.

Suggested Citation

  • Simas, Elizabeth N. & Clifford, Scott & Kirkland, Justin H., 2020. "How Empathic Concern Fuels Political Polarization," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 114(1), pages 258-269, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:cup:apsrev:v:114:y:2020:i:1:p:258-269_17
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    Cited by:

    1. James N. Druckman & Donald P. Green & Shanto Iyengar, 2023. "Does Affective Polarization Contribute to Democratic Backsliding in America?," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 708(1), pages 137-163, July.
    2. Shisei Tei & Junya Fujino, 2022. "Social ties, fears and bias during the COVID-19 pandemic: Fragile and flexible mindsets," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 9(1), pages 1-7, December.
    3. Krzysztof Krakowski & Juan S. Morales & Dani Sandu, 2020. "Violence Against Politicians, Negative Campaigning, and Public Opinion: Evidence from Poland," CHILD Working Papers Series 624 JEL Classification: D, Centre for Household, Income, Labour and Demographic Economics (CHILD) - CCA.

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