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¿Egoístas o altruistas? Un experimento social para fomentar el comportamiento cooperativo en el mercado

Author

Listed:
  • Victoria Giarrizzo
  • Sandra Maceri

Abstract

Los mercados son sistemas de relaciones complejas donde muchas de las transacciones suelen ocurrir en el anonimato. La teoría económica dominante sostiene que las personas son seres naturalmente egoístas e individualistas y, por lo tanto, en esas interacciones, sean anónimas o no, siempre intentarán maximizar su nivel de ganancia, utilidad o bienestar, aunque para ello deban comportarse de manera poco cooperativa. Por tal razón, surge el interrogante: ¿es posible que los comportamientos altruistas se conviertan en prácticas comunes y generalizadas en las decisiones del mercado? Mediante un experimento social sencillo (experimento social propio) se muestra que no todos los individuos del mercado son egoístas y es frecuente que convivan con ellos personas con actitudes más altruistas. Así, se toma como caso hipotético de estudio el comportamiento de una empresa que decide su política de precios internos en una economía, cuando tiene la opción de exportar los mismos productos que vende en el mercado local al doble de su valor. La metodología de la investigación está fundamentada en una encuesta con diseno muestral probabilístico, bietápico por conglomerados, estratificado por nivel de ingresos. Finalmente, se muestran las intervenciones experimentales sutiles para lograr mayor cooperación de los individuos, obteniendo como resultado final, un incremento en las actitudes altruistas. ****** Markets are systems composed of complex relationships, and many transactions are usually conducted in anonymity. The dominant economic theory holds that people are completely selfish and individualistic beings. Therefore, in such interactions, anonymous or not, they always try to maximize their earnings, profit, or wellbeing, although, for that purpose, they may act in an uncooperative manner. As a consequence, a question arises: Can altruistic behaviors become common practice in the decisions of the marketplace?A hypothetical case was proposed to the participants in this study: A company must decide its domestic price policy when it can export, at double the price, the same products it is selling in the local market. Subsequently, a survey with a two-stage cluster probability sampling design stratified by income level was conducted. By means of a simple social experiment, this article shows that not all individuals in the market are selfish and people with more altruistic attitudes commonly coexist with them.Finally, subtle experimental interventions promotingmore cooperation resulted in an increase in altruistic attitudes.

Suggested Citation

  • Victoria Giarrizzo & Sandra Maceri, 2019. "¿Egoístas o altruistas? Un experimento social para fomentar el comportamiento cooperativo en el mercado," Revista CEA, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, vol. 5(10), pages 135-150, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000549:017832
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    Cited by:

    1. Ana Criollo-Uyaguari; Andrea Feijóo-Valarezo; Angel Torres-Toukoumidis & Andrea Feijóo-Valarezo & Angel Torres-Toukoumidis, 2020. "La responsabilidad social corporativa de la TV local: estudio de caso," Revista CEA, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, vol. 6(12), pages 1-22, July.

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