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An Empirical Test of the Export-Led Model in the Member Countries of the Andean Community (Comunidad Andina de Naciones-CAN)

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  • Carvajal, Alexander
  • López Camargo, Oscar David Andrés Julián

Abstract

This paper seeks to empirically test the applicability of the export-led model to the economies of the countries belonging to the Andean Community (Comunidad Andina de Naciones-CAN) by verifying the export-led growth (ELG) hypothesis, which indicates that gross domestic product (GDP) behavior is based on export (EXP) dynamics. This hypothesis was tested for Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. The methodology used was the application of Johansen cointegration and Block Exogeneity Wald tests to identify Granger causality between variables of the natural logarithms of EXP and GDP. The results obtained show that the causal effect of exports on GDP can only be rejected for the Bolivian economy. Lastly, the main conclusion of this study is that the economic policies of the CAN member countries should not assume that the export sectors are the foundations of their respective economies. Therefore, the CAN governments should not introduce economic policies that prioritize the expansion of the export sector. Resumen: Este escrito buscó contrastar empíricamente la aplicabilidad del modelo Export-Led en las economías de los países pertenecientes a la Comunidad Andina de Naciones CAN, mediante la verificación de la hipótesis de crecimiento Export-led ELG, la cual indica que el producto interno bruto PIB basa su comportamiento por la dinámica de las exportaciones EXP, lo anterior se probó para Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador y Perú. La metodología empleada fue la aplicación de las pruebas de cointegración de Johansen y exogeneidad por bloques de Wald, utilizadas para identificar la Granger causalidad entre las variables logaritmo natural de EXP y logaritmo natural de PIB. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que solamente en la economía boliviana no se puede rechazar que las Exportaciones causan el Producto Interno Bruto. Finalmente, se ha indicado, como principal conclusión, que las políticas económicas de los países miembros de la CAN no deben partir de considerar el sector exportador como el sector básico de la economía y por ello, el Estado de cada país, no debe intervenir con políticas económicas que prioricen la expansión del sector exportador. Résumé: Ce document vise a tester empiriquement l’applicabilité du modele axé sur l’exportation aux économies des pays appartenant a la Communauté andine (CAN) en vérifiant l’hypothese de la croissance tirée par les exportations (ELG), qui indique que le comportement du produit intérieur brut (PIB) est soutenu par la dynamique des exportations (EXP). Cette hypothese a été mise en contraste pour la Bolivie, la Colombie, l’Équateur et le Pérou. La méthodologie utilisée a été l’application des tests de cointégration Johansen et d’exogénéité du type Wald pour identifier la causalité de Granger entre les variables logarithmiques naturelles de l’EXP et du PIB. Les résultats obtenus montrent que l’effet causal des exportations sur le PIB ne peut etre rejeté que pour l’économie bolivienne. Enfin, la principale conclusion de cette étude est que les politiques économiques des pays membres de la CAN ne doivent pas partir du principe que les secteurs d’exportation sont le fondement de leurs économies respectives. Par conséquent, les gouvernements de la CAN ne devraient pas intégrer des politiques économiques qui donnent la priorité a l’expansion du secteur de l’exportation.

Suggested Citation

  • Carvajal, Alexander & López Camargo, Oscar David Andrés Julián, 2021. "An Empirical Test of the Export-Led Model in the Member Countries of the Andean Community (Comunidad Andina de Naciones-CAN)," Revista Lecturas de Economía, Universidad de Antioquia, CIE, issue No. 94, pages 267-282, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000174:019601
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    Keywords

    Impulso a las exportaciones; Comunidad Andina; exportaciones; producto interno bruto; economía regional; políticas económicas; cointegranción de Johansen; test de exogeneidad en bloque de Wald; sector exportador;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F02 - International Economics - - General - - - International Economic Order and Integration
    • C13 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Estimation: General
    • C20 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - General
    • C32 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models

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