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Geografía, café y prosperidad en los Andes Occidentales de Colombia

Author

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  • Juan D. Barón

Abstract

Compuesta por los departamentos de Antioquia, Caldas, Quindío,Risaralda y Valle del Cauca, los Andes Occidentales ha sido por mucho anos una de las regiones más prósperas de Colombia. Esta prosperidad se ha traducido en condiciones de vida e infraestructura superiores a las del resto del país. El éxito y bienestar que presentan hoy en día los Andes Occidentales están estrechamente ligados a la concentración de la producción de café, que se dio allá durante gran parte del siglo XX. El arraigo del café en la región no sólo se dio debido a que la geografía ofrecía las condiciones ideales para el cultivo, sino también a las instituciones cafeteras creadas para organizar la industria del café. A pesar de esta prosperidad, el constante descenso del precio internacional del café después del rompimiento del pacto de cuotas de producción en 1989, sumado al estancamiento de la industria manufacturera en algunos departamentos de la región, han afectado las economías departamentales menos diversificadas. Es así como la región de los Andes Occidentales Colombianos presenta las tasas de desempleo más altas del país, tasas que se han visto afectadas aún más con la crisis financiera internacional a través del menor flujo de remesas que los trabajadores oriundos de la región, y residentes en el exterior envlúan a sus familias.ABSTRACT:Composed by the departments of Antioquia, Caldas, Quindío and Valle del Cauca, the Western Andes have been for many years one of the most prosperous regions of Colombia. Due to this prosperity, nowadays the region shows better living and infrastructure conditions than the rest of the country.The economic success and well- being of this region stems from the geographicalconcentration of coffee production that occurred during the twentieth century.Two factors favored the concentration of cofee production in this region: idealgeographical conditions for growing coffee and the economic and social institutions created around the coffee sector. Despite the prosperity shown by most socio economic indicators, the continuous fall in the international price of coffee after the last failure of the quota pact in 1989, in addition to the low dynamic of the manufacturing industry in some of the departments of the region, has affected the smaller and less diversifed departmental economies of the region.Given this, it is not surprising that the Western Andes show unemploymentrates that are among the highest in the country. The unemployment in theregion has intensified due to the e ects of the 2008 economic slump, which affected the region through lower levels of international remittances sent to this region.

Suggested Citation

  • Juan D. Barón, 2010. "Geografía, café y prosperidad en los Andes Occidentales de Colombia," Revista de Economía del Rosario, Universidad del Rosario, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000151:008805
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Economía regional; café; geografía; instituciones.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I32 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • R11 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes

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