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Crecimiento económico, empleo y distribución del ingreso en tiempos de pan- demia: un análisis de equilibrio general para Colombia

Author

Listed:
  • Jesús Botero García
  • Matheo Arellano Morales
  • Diego Montañez Herrera

Abstract

Este artículo cuantifica los efectos sobre la actividad productiva en Colombia que tiene la pandemia por COVID-19 y las medidas de contención, mitigación y recuperación adoptadas para enfrentarla. Además, se estudian los efectos distributivos, considerando distintos tipos de hogares, para analizar su impacto en los secto- res más vulnerables de la economía. Para ello, se construyó́ un modelo CGE que resume el comportamiento de la economía colombiana y permite simular los cho- ques por COVID-19. Se encontró un crecimiento económico de 4,6 % en 2021 que sería insuficiente para que el PIB alcance niveles prepandemia. Los efectos socia- les serían devastadores en términos de pobreza, que luego de elevarse en cerca de ocho puntos porcentuales durante 2020, podría seguir aumentando hacia 2021 por efecto de la parcial recuperación de los mercados laborales. ****** This paper quantifies the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the productive activity in Colombia and the measures adopted to contain, mitigate, and recover from it. Additionally, distributional effects are studied, taking into consideration different types of households in order to analyse their impact on the most vulner- able sectors of the economy. For this purpose, a CGE model that summarises the behaviour of the Colombian economy and allows for simulation of the COVID-19 shocks is constructed. It found a growth of 4.6% in 2021, which would be insuf- ficient for reaching pre-pandemic GDP levels. The social effects would be dev- astating in terms of poverty, which after rising by about eight percentage points during 2020, could continue increasing in 2021 due to the partial recovery of labour markets.

Suggested Citation

  • Jesús Botero García & Matheo Arellano Morales & Diego Montañez Herrera, 2021. "Crecimiento económico, empleo y distribución del ingreso en tiempos de pan- demia: un análisis de equilibrio general para Colombia," Revista Cuadernos de Economia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, FCE, CID, vol. 40(85), pages 957-976, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000093:020307
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    COVID-19; crecimiento económico; distribución de ingresos; modelo de equilibrio general computable (CGE).;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C68 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Computable General Equilibrium Models
    • D58 - Microeconomics - - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium - - - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models
    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
    • D33 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Factor Income Distribution
    • N16 - Economic History - - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations - - - Latin America; Caribbean

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