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Productividad laboral y competitividad externa en el sector manufacturero mexicano tras la apertura comercial, 1996-2007

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  • Raúl Vázquez López

Abstract

Este artículo tiene los objetivos de, por un lado, determinar si existió una relación significativa entre la evolución de la productividad laboral y la competitividad externa, en 88 actividades manufactureras mexicanas; por otro, caracterizar la competitividad exhibida en un periodo clave de transformación estructural. El cálculo de diversos indicadores encuentra evidencia de competitividad espuria, exportaciones crecientes no asociadas con mejoras en la productividad, concentradas en un número reducido de actividades. Finalmente, la metodología CAN muestra la ausencia de dinamismo competitivo en el sector y que las ganancias en las cuotas de mercado internacionales se dan en productos cuya participación en el comercio mundial disminuye. ****** This paper has two objectives, to determine if there was a significant relationship between the evolution of labour productivity and the external competitiveness in 88 Mexican manufacturing activities, and to characterize the exhibited competitiveness in a key period of structural transformation. By calculating several indicators, we find evidence of a spurious competitiveness, increasing exports, not associated with improvements in labour productivity, and concentrated in a reduced number of activities. Finally, the CAN methodology shows the absence of dynamism in the sector´s competitiveness, since the gains in the international market shares occur in products whose participation in world trade decreases. ****** Este artigo tem os objetivos de, por um lado, determinar se houve uma relacao significativa entre a evolucao da produtividade do trabalho e a competitividade externa, em 88 atividades manufatureiras mexicanas; por outro lado, caracterizar a competitividade exibida em um período chave de transformacao estrutural. O cálculo de diversos indicadores encontra indícios de competitividade espúria, crescentes exportacoes nao associadas a melhorias de produtividade, concentradas em número reduzido de atividades. Finalmente, a metodologia CAN mostra a ausencia de dinamismo competitivo no setor e que os ganhos de participacao no mercado internacional ocorrem em produtos cuja participacao no comércio mundial diminui.

Suggested Citation

  • Raúl Vázquez López, 2021. "Productividad laboral y competitividad externa en el sector manufacturero mexicano tras la apertura comercial, 1996-2007," Revista Cuadernos de Economia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, FCE, CID, vol. 40(82), pages 137-164, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000093:020163
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    File URL: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/ceconomia/article/view/80510
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    competitividad; productividad; México; manufactura; exportaciones.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • L60 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Manufacturing - - - General
    • O14 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology
    • O24 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Development Planning and Policy - - - Trade Policy; Factor Movement; Foreign Exchange Policy

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