Introduction. Emploi, travail et environnement : l’heure des transitions ?

In recent decades, public policies implemented at the national and European levels have led to a strong growth in jobs related to the “green economy”. In this context, it is relevant to ask whether such jobs, which are supposed to curb environmental damage, also guarantee painless and sustainable working conditions. Using the last two editions of the French survey, Medical Surveillance for Occupational Risk Exposure (Sumer 2010 and 2017), this paper focuses on the evolution of employees’ exposure to hardship factors in their workplace (physical constraints, aggressive physical environment, atypical work schedules). The main objective is to compare occupations in the green economy with occupations in other sectors, and to study the evolution of hardship indicators between the two surveys. We will wonder if developing the green economy can be a way to reduce inequalities in exposure to occupational risks or whether, on the contrary, it contributes to the deterioration of working conditions for already vulnerable groups of employees.