Les solutions de marché et l'assainissement des bidonvilles de Nairobi

2.6 billion people currently lack access to adequate sanitation. Over 50% of the world?s population now lives in cities. 43% of city-dwellers in the developing world live in ?informal settlements? with dismal sanitary conditions. In the slums of Nairobi, Kenya, some of the largest in East Africa, the best estimate is that there are 150 residents sharing the same toilet facility. Sanitation has therefore become one of the key components on the development agenda and focus for ?social innovation?. This article discusses 5 particular cases from Nairobi, Kenya, highlighting a range of ?market-based approaches? to the provision of perhaps the most basic of needs and most private of public goods ? the toilet. These cases help explore the nuances of the end-user/consumer positioning and consider the complexity of meeting individual needs, influencing behaviour change, while respecting and leveraging existing cultural norms and enabling consensus concerning maintenance of cleaning standards.