Polarisation et bas salaires : comment sortir certains emplois de l’impasse ?. Une analyse de la situation des salariés affectés aux tâches d’entretien

In France, as in most other OECD countries, there is a significant growth in one of the components of these unskilled jobs: cleaning-related jobs (about 2 million people or 8% of the labor force). This contribution focuses on the working conditions of these employees. From the exploitation of the Working Conditions ? Psychosocial Risks Survey, 2016, we first exhibit the many unfavorable characteristics of these occupations (low wages, arduous working conditions, limited social recognition and low mobility prospects). We show that a more protective wage-labor nexus (non-outsourced employment and public employment) and / or the lesser specialization of the workers on the maintenance tasks significantly by including them in broader functions (care and education in particular) improves their situation. Finally, on this ground, we discuss public policies able to support more protective statutes and organizational models based on a lesser division of labor and their feasibility in regard to the risk of eviction of the least qualified employees and their economic sustainability.