The great tax reform, a French myth

The need for a great tax reform is often debated in France, although the content and objectives of such a reform are never clearly specified. There is no unanimity on how the tax reform should be designed, some advocating that the reform should aim at cutting taxation (which implies further public spending cuts) while according to some others the tax system become more progressive. The French tax-to-GDP ratio is 46%, and primary public expenditure amount to 50% of potential GDP. This high level of public spending reflects a choice of society, which should be maintained. The French tax system is already very progressive, similar taxation applies to capital and labour incomes. France is one the very few countries where inequalities have not risen in the recent past. The paper addresses, for each category of tax, the reforms which could be introduced, and discusses whether they would be appropriate. In particular, the paper shows that replacing employers? social contributions by VAT would be useless. It is desirable but difficult to raise environmental taxation; French taxation should remain family-based, merging the income tax with the CSG is not desirable. Tax expenditures should be reconsidered, especially as concerns companies? and households? tax optimization schemes. Merging PPE and RSA is not obvious. A competitiveness shock (i.e. strong cuts in employers? social contributions and corporate taxation financed by a rise in CSG) should be implemented only in a European context.