Les financements climat entre ubiquité et exiguïté : enjeux politiques de leur définition

To ensure that climate finance is additional to development financing and that it is allocated effectively and equitably, it is necessary to distinguish between whether it is aimed at mitigation or adaptation, but also to know whether it is a main or intermittent goal. If it is the former, it is generally accompanied by concessional conditions. Mitigation, which aims to preserve a global public good, must be allotted a specific global budget (not included in Overseas Development Assistance, ODA) and be allocated on a project by project basis by accredited institutions according to the criteria of effectiveness. Adaptation financing must in turn have a global budget no lower than that of mitigation; if it is concessional, it should be reserved for low-income countries and other countries contributing almost no CO 2 emissions and be allocated to them mainly according to their physical vulnerability to climate change. Funding to compensate for losses and damages (due to climate change) should mainly be included in the financing of adaptation. The rest should be handled by reinforcing the existing systems of response to shocks, climatic and otherwise. The funds corresponding to the separate budgets should be allocated in accordance with the distinct terms and conditionality of each budget. JEL classification: F35, G32, H41, H84, O19, Q54.