Politiques de recherche et innovation militaire : Schumpeter versus Smith aux Etats-Unis et en Europe

Europe has a very strong scientific base. Where Europe is content mainly in developing incremental innovations and follows a Smithsonian growth policy, the United States give priority to radical innovations and are inspired by Schumpeterian growth policy built on defense industries. Where the European Union is content with the traditional means of creating richness, the United States have understood that innovation will be the key to economic power and to maintaining their hegemonic domination in the new millennium. Even though the EU is still considered as a world class scientific power with tremendous potential, it produces far fewer results, since their budgets for research and development have been reduced, than the United States and Japan in terms of technological and economic performances. The endemic weaknesses of the European situation are mainly due to the lack of financings, but also of systemic coordination. Would the military R&D in Europe be able to support the creation of an innovation system? What has the "American paradigm" taught us?