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Potential risk of cadmium in a soil-plant system as a result of long-term (10 years) pig manure application

Author

Listed:
  • Y.G. Xu

    (Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China)

  • W.T. Yu

    (Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China)

  • Q. Ma

    (Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China)

  • H. Zhou

    (Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China)

Abstract

Animal manure may be a primary source of cadmium (Cd) to Chinese farmlands because abnormally high values of Cd were observed in various manures. In this study, we evaluated the potential risk of Cd in soil-plant (maize and soybean) system as a result of the long-term (10 years) application of pig manure (PM). During 10 years, the loading rate of Cd through PM application ranged from 26.33-131.50 g/ha/year, while the crops removal rate of Cd was relatively small in comparison to the quantity of Cd supplied by PM application (1.03-4.36 g/ha/year). The PM application significantly increased total Cd concentration in soil. Although the Cd levels did not exceed the Chinese soil quality criteria (1.0 mg/kg dry matter (DM)), it would only take less than two years to reach this limit at high PM application rate. The same trend was also observed for the Cd concentration in maize and soybean. More seriously, Cd concentration in grain of soybean was higher than the threshold values for animal and human ingestion (0.2 mg/kg DM). Based on a mass balance calculation, we found that atmospheric deposition was also an important source of Cd in the experimental area (10.27 g/ha/year). Moreover, the application of PM enhanced the leaching loss of Cd, but they were still fairly small (0.34-0.73 g/ha/year).

Suggested Citation

  • Y.G. Xu & W.T. Yu & Q. Ma & H. Zhou, 2015. "Potential risk of cadmium in a soil-plant system as a result of long-term (10 years) pig manure application," Plant, Soil and Environment, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 61(8), pages 352-357.
    • Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:61:y:2015:i:8:id:100-2015-pse
    DOI: 10.17221/100/2015-PSE
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Simon W. Moolenaar, 1999. "Heavy‐Metal Balances, Part II: Management of Cadmium, Copper, Lead, and Zinc in European Agro‐Ecosystems," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 3(1), pages 41-53, January.
    2. Y. Xu & W. Yu & Q. Ma & H. Zhou, 2013. "Accumulation of copper and zinc in soil and plant within ten-year application of different pig manure rates," Plant, Soil and Environment, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 59(11), pages 492-499.
    3. K. Čásová & J. Černý & J. Száková & J. Balík & P. Tlustoš, 2009. "Cadmium balance in soils under different fertilization managements including sewage sludge application," Plant, Soil and Environment, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 55(8), pages 353-361.
    4. Fengsong Zhang & Yanxia Li & Ming Yang & Wei Li, 2012. "Content of Heavy Metals in Animal Feeds and Manures from Farms of Different Scales in Northeast China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-11, July.
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