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Citizenship Status and Patterns of Inequality in the United States and Canada

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  • Sofya Aptekar

Abstract

type="main"> This study investigates inequalities in the distribution of citizenship status among immigrants in Canada and the United States between 1970 and 2001. It is motivated by a desire to probe deeper into the gap in citizenship rates between the two countries. Logistic regression analysis of census data is used to predict the odds of citizenship among the foreign born, controlling for a range of factors. There has been a growing inequality in the distribution of citizenship in the United States, but not in Canada. Low rates of citizenship hide the appearance of a large disparity in citizenship between those with the lowest levels of education and everyone else. These results cannot be entirely ascribed to the presence of undocumented immigrants. Persistent and large inequalities in citizenship leave the already disadvantaged unskilled immigrants without access to rights, representation, security, or job and educational opportunities.

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  • Sofya Aptekar, 2014. "Citizenship Status and Patterns of Inequality in the United States and Canada," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 95(2), pages 343-359, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:socsci:v:95:y:2014:i:2:p:343-359
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1111/ssqu.12018
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Adrian D. Pantoja & Sarah Allen Gershon, 2006. "Political Orientations and Naturalization Among Latino and Latina Immigrants," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 87(5), pages 1171-1187, December.
    2. Adrian D. Pantoja & Sarah Allen Gershon, 2006. "Political Orientations and Naturalization Among Latino and Latina Immigrants," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 87(s1), pages 1171-1187.
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    Cited by:

    1. Elke Winter, 2018. "Passing the Test? From Immigrant to Citizen in a Multicultural Country," Social Inclusion, Cogitatio Press, vol. 6(3), pages 229-236.
    2. Sofya Aptekar, 2016. "Making Sense of Naturalization: What Citizenship Means to Naturalizing Immigrants in Canada and the USA," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 17(4), pages 1143-1161, November.

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