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Till localism do us part: Cultural identity and the costs of separation

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  • Alberto Dalmazzo
  • Guido de Blasio

Abstract

Members of a regional community may derive disutility from interacting with individuals of other regional groups. Such a “preference for similar people”, also known as homophily, favours segregation across communities and possibly leads to political secession. In this paper, we balance the advantage of separation (which favours cultural identity in a homogeneous community) against its economic costs. Indeed, both the prominence of domestic markets when barriers to foreign exchanges are high, and the costs needed to administer a newly‐born nation can make secession very costly. We show that, when it occurs a substantial increase in openness to international exchanges—as has actually happened under the European common market—the costs of separation will fall and the bias for sameness will be likely to prevail, leading to secession. Los miembros de una comunidad regional pueden sentir un desinterés por interactuar con personas de otros grupos regionales. Esta “preferencia por personas similares”, también conocida como homofilia, favorece la segregación entre comunidades y posiblemente conduce a la secesión política. En este artículo se sopesa las ventajas de la separación (que favorece la identidad cultural en una comunidad homogénea) frente a sus costos económicos. De hecho, tanto la importancia de los mercados nacionales cuando las barreras al intercambio de divisa son altas, como los costos necesarios para administrar una nación recién nacida, pueden hacer que la secesión sea muy costosa. Se demuestra que los costos de la separación caen cuando se produce un aumento sustancial de la apertura a los intercambios internacionales, como ha ocurrido en el mercado común europeo, y que es probable que prevalezca el sesgo a favor de la similitud, lo que conducirá a la secesión. 地域コミュニティのメンバーは、他の地域のグループの人々との交流から不効用を得ている可能性がある。こうした自分に似ている人に対する選好は、ホモフィリー (homophily)としても知られているが、あらゆるコミュニティでの分断を支持するものであり、政治的分断をもたらす可能性がある。本稿では、分離のアドバンテージ (これは均質的なコミュニティにおける文化的アイデンティティを支持する)と分離による経済的なコストとを比較考量する。実際のところ、外国為替に対する障壁が高いときの国内市場の高騰、また、新興国の統治に必要なコストのいずれもが、分断のコストを非常に高くすることがある。実際に欧州共同市場で起きたように、国際為替への開放性が相当に上昇した場合に、分離のコストが大きく下がり、同一性への偏りが優勢になり、分断に至ることを示す。

Suggested Citation

  • Alberto Dalmazzo & Guido de Blasio, 2019. "Till localism do us part: Cultural identity and the costs of separation," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 11(5), pages 775-786, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:11:y:2019:i:5:p:775-786
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12239
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