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Global and regional effects of the US tariffs on iron, steel and aluminium: A SMART combination of models with a focus on Spain

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  • Carlos Llano
  • Julián Pérez
  • Federico Steinberg
  • Geoffrey J.D. Hewings

Abstract

On 8 March, US President Donald Trump approved new import tariffs on “iron and steel” and “aluminium” of 25% and 10%, respectively. The aim of this paper is to estimate the impact that this decision might have on the Spanish regions. Our empirical strategy combines three powerful models to address the trade effect both over the global economy, and more specifically, in each Spanish region. First, by means of the SMART simulation model, we estimate the trade effect for 131 countries; then, we compute the intersectoral effects of such shock using the World Input–Output Database (WIOD); finally, we estimate the interregional and intersectoral effects within Spain, using an interregional input–output table. This last step combines both, the immediate product shock over the metal sector in Spain, and the global effect computed by means of the WIOD. The results obtained shows how the US tariffs might induce a total job loss of 185,000 employees worldwide, while in Spain, it may cost 3,500 jobs. El 8 de marzo, el Presidente de los Estados Unidos, Donald Trump, aprobó nuevos aranceles a la importación de "hierro y acero" y de "aluminio" del 25% y el 10%, respectivamente. El objetivo de este artículo es estimar el impacto que esta decisión podría tener en las regiones españolas. La estrategia empírica de este estudio combina tres modelos poderosos para abordar el efecto del comercio tanto en la economía global como, más específicamente, en cada región española. En primer lugar, mediante el modelo de simulación SMART, se estimó el efecto comercial para 131 países; a continuación, se calcularon los efectos intersectoriales de dicha perturbación con la ayuda de la Base de Datos Input‐Output Mundial (WIOD, por sus siglas en inglés); finalmente, se estimaron los efectos interregionales e intersectoriales dentro de España, con la ayuda de una matriz interregional de input‐output. Este último paso combina tanto el impacto inmediato del producto sobre el sector metalúrgico en España, como el efecto global calculado mediante la WIOD. Los resultados obtenidos muestran cómo los aranceles estadounidenses podrían provocar una pérdida total de empleo de 185 000 personas en todo el mundo, mientras que en España podrían costar 3 500 puestos de trabajo. 3月8日、ドナルド・トランプ米大統領は「鉄鋼」と「アルミニウム」の新関税率 (それぞれ25%と10%)を承認した。本稿の目的は、この決定がスペインの地方に与える影響を推計することである。今回の実証分析の方策として、グローバル経済と、特にスペインの各地域全体の両方に対する貿易の影響に対応する3つの強力なモデルを組み合わせる。はじめに、SMARTシミュレーションモデルにより131カ国の貿易に対する影響を推計し、つぎに世界産業連関表データベース (The World Input‐Output Database:WIOD)を用いて新関税率によるショックの産業間の影響を計算する。最後に、地域間産業連関表を用いて、スペイン国内の地域間および産業間の影響を推計する。この最後の段階で、スペインの鉄鋼業の生産額に対する直接的なショックとWIODにより計算したグローバルな影響を統合する。結果から、米国の関税率により全世界で合計185,000人の労働者(スペインでは3,500)が失業する可能性が示される。

Suggested Citation

  • Carlos Llano & Julián Pérez & Federico Steinberg & Geoffrey J.D. Hewings, 2019. "Global and regional effects of the US tariffs on iron, steel and aluminium: A SMART combination of models with a focus on Spain," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 11(3), pages 525-547, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:11:y:2019:i:3:p:525-547
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12198
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    Cited by:

    1. Pedro Elosegui & Marcos Herrera‐Gomez & Jorge Colina, 2022. "Inter‐provincial trade in Argentina: Financial flows and centralism," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 14(6), pages 270-291, December.
    2. Minh Doan Nguyen & Nga Le Thi Viet & Huy Dinh Tran Ngoc & Dat Pham Minh, 2021. "Vietnam’s Meat Import Market Under Impacts Of The European -Vietnam Free Trade Agreement And Quality Management Demand," Management, Sciendo, vol. 25(1), pages 99-117, January.

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