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Agglomeration, (un)‐related variety and new firm survival in China

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  • Anthony Howell
  • Canfei He
  • Rudai Yang
  • C. Cindy Fan

Abstract

We study empirically the effects of five different dimensions of agglomeration – specialization, diversity, related variety, unrelated variety, and city size – on the survival chances of new entrepreneurial firms in China. Consideration is further given to studying the mediating effects of local subsidies on new firm survival given different existing local industrial structures in those regions. In support of the ‘regional branching’ hypothesis, we find that increasing local related variety has a stronger positive effect on new firm survival than other types of agglomeration. We also find that receiving comparatively fewer subsidies motivates firms to seek out and benefit from local existing economies, which in turn, positively influence their chances of survival. By contrast, agglomerated firms that receive relatively more subsidies tend to be more likely to face financial distress leading to eventual market exit. The findings thus reveal that both the intensity and the location of state support matters in terms of optimizing positive agglomeration effects on firms' post‐entry performance and survival. Se estudia empíricamente los efectos de cinco dimensiones diferentes de la aglomeración (especialización, diversidad, variedad relacionada, variedad no relacionada y tamaño de la ciudad) sobre las posibilidades de supervivencia de las nuevas empresas emprendedoras en China. Además, se considera el estudio los efectos mediadores de las subvenciones locales en la supervivencia de las nuevas empresas, habida cuenta de las diferentes estructuras industriales locales existentes en esas regiones. En apoyo de la hipótesis de ‘ramificación regional’, se encontró que el aumento de la variedad relacionada local tiene un efecto positivo más fuerte sobre la supervivencia de las nuevas empresas que otros tipos de aglomeración. También se encontró que recibir comparativamente menos subsidios motiva a las empresas a buscar y beneficiarse de las economías locales existentes, lo que a su vez influye positivamente en sus posibilidades de supervivencia. Por el contrario, las empresas de una aglomeración que reciben relativamente más subvenciones tienden a tener más probabilidades de enfrentarse a dificultades financieras que las lleven a una eventual retirada del mercado. Así pues, los resultados revelan que tanto la intensidad como la ubicación del apoyo estatal son importantes para optimizar los efectos positivos de la aglomeración en el rendimiento y la supervivencia de las empresas después de su entrada en el mercado. 本稿では、集積の5つの側面、すなわち、特殊化、多角化、関係的多様性、非関係的多様性、首都の規模、以上が中国の新規ベンチャー企業が存続する確率に及ぼす効果を実証的に検証する。その地域における既存の産業の構造にいくつかの種類がある場合の、地方交付金が新規企業の存続に対する効果を媒介することの研究も考慮に入れる。‘regional branching’仮説を支持するように、地方の関係的多様性の増加は、新規企業の存続に対して、他のタイプの集積よりもより強い正の効果を与えていることが認められる。また、受給される交付金が比較的少ないことは、企業が、模索して地域の既存の経済から恩恵を受けるための動機づけとなり、その結果として企業の存続の可能性にプラスの影響をもたらしていることがわかる。一方、比較的多く交付金を受給している集積内の企業は、財政難に陥りやすく結果的に廃業となりやすい傾向がある。以上のように、知見から、国家支援の強さと立地の両方が、企業の参入後の業績と存続に対する正の集積効果の最適化において非常に重要であることが示された。

Suggested Citation

  • Anthony Howell & Canfei He & Rudai Yang & C. Cindy Fan, 2018. "Agglomeration, (un)‐related variety and new firm survival in China," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 97(3), pages 485-500, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:presci:v:97:y:2018:i:3:p:485-500
    DOI: 10.1111/pirs.12269
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    Cited by:

    1. Jian Gao & Bogang Jun & Alex Sandy Pentland & Tao Zhou & Cesar A. Hidalgo, 2017. "Collective Learning in China's Regional Economic Development Formations of Co-Inventors During the Dot-com Bubble in the Research Triangle Region," Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography (PEEG) 1706, Utrecht University, Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Group Economic Geography, revised Mar 2017.
    2. Annekatrin Niebuhr & Jan Cornelius Peters & Alex Schmidke, 2020. "Spatial sorting of innovative firms and heterogeneous effects of agglomeration on innovation in Germany," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 45(5), pages 1343-1375, October.
    3. Anthony Howell & Chong Liu & Rudai Yang, 2020. "Explaining the urban premium in Chinese cities and the role of place-based policies," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 52(7), pages 1332-1356, October.
    4. Jian Gao & Bogang Jun & Alex Sandy Pentland & Tao Zhou & Cesar A. Hidalgo, 2017. "Collective Learning in China's Regional Economic Development," Papers 1703.01369, arXiv.org.
    5. Sohyun Park & Keumsook Lee, 2021. "Examining the Impact of E-Commerce Growth on the Spatial Distribution of Fashion and Beauty Stores in Seoul," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-20, May.
    6. Chatzistamoulou, Nikos & Kounetas, Kostas & Tsekouras, Kostas, 2022. "Technological hierarchies and learning: Spillovers, complexity, relatedness, and the moderating role of absorptive capacity," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
    7. Dongjun Kim & Jinsung Yun & Kijung Kim & Seungil Lee, 2021. "A Comparative Study of the Robustness and Resilience of Retail Areas in Seoul, Korea before and after the COVID-19 Outbreak, Using Big Data," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-21, March.
    8. Zabala-Iturriagagoitia, Jon Mikel & Porto Gómez, Igone & Aguirre Larracoechea, Urko, 2020. "Technological diversification: a matter of related or unrelated varieties?," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    9. Elena-Loreni Baciu & Delia Vîrgă & Theofild-Andrei Lazăr, 2020. "What Characteristics Help Entrepreneurs ‘Make It’ Early on in Their Entrepreneurial Careers? Findings of a Regional Study from Romania," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-27, June.
    10. Xiangfei Yuan & Haijing Hao & Chenghua Guan & Alex Pentland, 2021. "What are the key components of an entrepreneurial ecosystem in a developing economy? A longitudinal empirical study on technology business incubators in China," Papers 2103.08131, arXiv.org.

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