Acid Rain In Europe: An Energy‐Environmental Impact Study

ABSTRACT IIASA's model of Acid Rain is an interactive set of submodels with graphical output. The model has been developed in collaboration with UN Economic Commission for Europe and in the context of the Geneva Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution. The model covers five compartments of which up to now three have been implemented as submodels. Starting with energy scenarios for the whole of Europe, the first submodel calculates sulfur emissions on a country‐by‐country basis. The second submodel consists of a transfer matrix for the transport of sulfur emissions. The third submodel lakes the deposition figures as input and converts them to forest soil pH. The last submodel calculates acidity changes in lakes in Scandinavia. The models time coverage is the period 1960‐1980 for base calculations and the period 1980‐2030 for scenario analysis. The time resolution is one year. The models spatial coverage is all 27 European countries on a spatial resolution of about 100 × 100 km. The models output are several, including maps of Europe showing isolines of sulfur deposition and areas with a soil pH below a certain level which can be chosen by the user. Future research within IIASA's Acid Rain project will focus on analysing uncertainly, modelling of direct forest impacts, inclusion of other pollutants and economic evaluation of scenarios.