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Hiring and Dismissal Costs in Theory and Practice: A Comparison of Institutional Constraints and Employment Adjustment Patterns in Six OECD Countries

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  • Kornelius Kraft

Abstract

SUMMARY This paper reports the results of a comparison of employment adjustment in Japan, the United States and four major EC countries. Output and real wages are used in explaining the optimal employment level and change in employment. Short‐ and long run responses to alterations of the exogenous variables are estimated and compared. Surprisingly, Germany has a quite rapid adjustment of labor while France and Italy show a much slower adjustment pattern. Even in comparison with the United States. Great Britain demonstrates the fastest adjustment to changes in the economic environment. By far the slowest adjustment pattern is realized in Japan. Overall the difference between the US and Europe seems not to be too large and European labor markets are not as sclerotic as occasionally assumed. ZUSAMMENFASUNG Dieser Artikel gibt die Ergebnisse eines Vergleichs der Beschäftigungsanpassung in Japan, den Vereinigten Staaten und den vier wichtigsten EU‐Landern wieder. Das Produktionsniveau und der Reallohn sind die erklarenden Variablen für das optimale Beschaftigungsniveau wie auch Veranderungen der Beschäftigung. Es werden kurz‐ und langfnstige Beziehungen zwischen den exogenen und der endogenen Vanablen geschatzt und verglichen Uberraschenderweise hat Deutschland eine relativ rasche Beschaftigungsanpassung, während Frankreich und Italien eine viel langsamere Anpassung aufweisen. Großbntannien hat auch im Vergleich zu den USA die schnellste Reaktion auf Veränderungen der ökonomischen Umwelt. Das bei weitem inflexibelste Anpassungsverhalten wird für Japan registriert. Zusammenfassend scheinen die Unterschiede zwischen den Vereinigten Staaten und Europa nicht so groß und der europaische Arbeitsmarkt nicht so sklerotisch zu sein wie erwartet. RÉSUMÉ Cet article présente les résultats d'une comparaison de la vitesse d'adaptation de l'emploi au Japon, aux Etats‐Unis et dans les quatre pays les plus importants de l'UE. Le niveau de l'emploi optimal ***ainsi que les variations de l'emploi sont expliquées par le niveau de production et les salaires réels. Les variations à court et long terme des changements des variables exogènes ont été estimés et comparés. Étonnamment, l'Allemagne a une vitesse d'adaptation de l'emploi relativement rapide par rapport à celles de la France et de l'Italie. L'Angleterre montre měme, en comparaison avec les Etats‐Unis, une plus grande flexibilité envers les modifications de l'environnement économique. L'adaptation la plus lente est observée au Japon. Pour conclure les différences concernant la vitesse d'adaptation de l'emploi entre les Etats‐Unis et l'Europe ne semblent pas si grandes et les marchés de travail européens sont moins sclérosés que ce que l'on attendait.

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  • Kornelius Kraft, 1997. "Hiring and Dismissal Costs in Theory and Practice: A Comparison of Institutional Constraints and Employment Adjustment Patterns in Six OECD Countries," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 50(3), pages 341-368, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:kyklos:v:50:y:1997:i:3:p:341-368
    DOI: 10.1111/1467-6435.00020
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    Cited by:

    1. Benoît Pierre FREYENS, 2010. "Measuring firing costs: The case for direct methods," International Labour Review, International Labour Organization, vol. 149(3), pages 287-313, September.
    2. Thomas Bauer & Regina Riphahn, 2002. "Employment effects of payroll taxes - an empirical test for Germany," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(7), pages 865-876.
    3. Stuart Glosser & Lonnie Golden, 2005. "Is labour becoming more or less flexible? Changing dynamic behaviour and asymmetries of labour input in US manufacturing," Cambridge Journal of Economics, Cambridge Political Economy Society, vol. 29(4), pages 535-557, July.
    4. Prskawetz, Alexia & Veliov, Vladimir M., 2007. "Age-specific dynamic labor demand and human capital investment," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 31(12), pages 3741-3777, December.
    5. Kornelius Kraft, 1998. "An evaluation of active and passive labour market policy," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 30(6), pages 783-793.

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