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Currency Competition in Switzerland, 1826‐1850

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  • ERNST JUERG WEBER

Abstract

SUMMARY Currency competition provided a stable monetary standard in those Swiss cantons that deregulated their financial systems after liberal revolutions in the 1830s and 40s. The Swiss currency issuers’ concern with purchasing power stability suggests that each of them faced a real demand for notes that was sensitive to expected changes in the purchasing power of those notes. Given purchasing power stability, the circulation of a currency depended on the quality of the financial services of its issuer. Issuing and keeping notes in circulation was costly. The share of notes in the balance sheets of their issuers was therefore small except in periods when interest rates on other debt instruments were high. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Freie Konkurrenz zwischen Währungen garantierte monetäre Stabilität in jenen Schweizer Kantonen, die nach liberalen Revolutionen zwischen 1830 und 1850 ihr Währungssystem reformierten. Die Beachtung, die die schweizerischen Notenprodu‐zenten der Kaufkraftstabilität schenkten, legt nahe, dass die reale Banknotennach‐frage von der erwarteten Kaufkraftveränderung abhing. Bei gegebener Kaufkraft ist die Zirkulation einer Währung durch die Qualität der finanziellen Dienstleistungen ihres Anbieters bestimmt. Die Ausgabe von Banknoten verursacht Kosten, und es ist teuer, sie im Verkehr zu halten. Daher war der Anteil von Banknoten in der Bilanz ihrer Anbieter gering, ausser in Zeiten, in denen der Zins auf anderen Finanzierungs‐instrumenten hoch war. RÉSUMÉ La concurrence monétaire libre eut comme résultat une stabilityé monétaire pour les cantons suisses qui avaient réformé leurs systèmes monétaires après les révolutions libérales des années 1830 et 1840. L'importance que les émetteurs monétaires suisses attribuaient à la stabilityé du pouvoir d'achat suggère que la demande pour les billets de banque dépendait de la variation escomptée du pouvoir d'achat. Pour un certain pouvoir d'achat, la circulation monétaire est déterminée par la qualityé des services financiers de l'émetteur. L'émission des billets de banque et leur maintien en circulation est une affaire cou̧teuse. Dans le bilan des émetteurs, la contribution des billets de banque était done insignifiante, sauf dans les périodes où d'autres instruments de dette étaient sujets à des intérȩts éleves.

Suggested Citation

  • Ernst Juerg Weber, 1988. "Currency Competition in Switzerland, 1826‐1850," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 41(3), pages 459-478, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:kyklos:v:41:y:1988:i:3:p:459-478
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6435.1988.tb01265.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Herger, Nils, 2022. "Unregulated and regulated free banking: Evidence from the case of Switzerland (1826–1907)," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    2. Gerlach, Stefan & Kugler, Peter, 2015. "Money demand under free banking: Switzerland 1851-1906," CEPR Discussion Papers 11029, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    3. Kleiber Christian & Zeileis Achim, 2013. "Reproducible Econometric Simulations," Journal of Econometric Methods, De Gruyter, vol. 2(1), pages 89-99, July.
    4. E.J. Weber, 1990. "The Competitive Issue of Paper Money in Switzerland after the Liberal Revolutions in the 19th Century," Economics Discussion / Working Papers 90-19, The University of Western Australia, Department of Economics.
    5. Alexander Fink, 2014. "Free banking as an evolving system: The case of Switzerland reconsidered," The Review of Austrian Economics, Springer;Society for the Development of Austrian Economics, vol. 27(1), pages 57-69, March.
    6. Michael D. Bordo, 1989. "The lender of last resort: some historical insights," Proceedings 234, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago.
    7. Michael D. Bordo, 1990. "The lender of last resort : alternative views and historical experience," Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, vol. 76(Jan), pages 18-29.
    8. Nils Herger, 2019. "Unregulated and regulated free banking. The case of Switzerland reinterpreted," Working Papers 19.06, Swiss National Bank, Study Center Gerzensee.
    9. Nils Herger, 2021. "Regulated free banking in Switzerland (1881–1907)," Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics, Springer;Swiss Society of Economics and Statistics, vol. 157(1), pages 1-12, December.

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