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Permutation Tests for Matched Pairs with Adjustments for Covariates

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  • Paul R. Rosenbaum

Abstract

In observational studies, treated and control subjects are often matched on the basis of observed covariates to permit comparisons of subjects who appeared similar before treatment. In many studies, however, it is not possible to find an exact match for every treated subject, so that within matched pairs treated and control subjects may still differ with respect to some observed covariates. This paper discusses a simple general method for obtaining permutation inferences that adjust for such observed differences within pairs. The method generalizes both the Wilcoxon signed rank test for continuous responses and the McNemar‐Cox test for binary responses, as well as many other permutation tests for matched paris.

Suggested Citation

  • Paul R. Rosenbaum, 1988. "Permutation Tests for Matched Pairs with Adjustments for Covariates," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 37(3), pages 401-411, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jorssc:v:37:y:1988:i:3:p:401-411
    DOI: 10.2307/2347314
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    Cited by:

    1. Roland G. Fryer, Jr, 2016. "The 'Pupil' Factory: Specialization and the Production of Human Capital in Schools," NBER Working Papers 22205, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Branson Zach & Miratrix Luke W., 2019. "Randomization Tests that Condition on Non-Categorical Covariate Balance," Journal of Causal Inference, De Gruyter, vol. 7(1), pages 1-29, March.

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