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De Moivre's Poisson Approximation to the Binomial

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  • David R. Bellhouse
  • Matt Davison

Abstract

In his first work on probability, written in 1711, Abraham De Moivre looked at the problem of finding the number of trials required in a binomial experiment to achieve a probability of 1/2 of finding at least some given number of successes. He looked at two cases: when the probability of success p = 1/2 and when p is small but n, the number of trials, is large. In the latter case, unlike other problems that he solved in probability, De Moivre never revealed his method of solution. We explore the solution that De Moivre originally suggests and find that his method does not work. We explore other numerical solutions and put forward the suggestion that De Moivre relied on a very cumbersome and tedious method of solution based on his earlier work on series in the 1690s. Since his method was neither quick nor mathematically elegant, he never revealed the method that he used to obtain his numerical solutions. Dans son premier ouvrage sur la probabilité, rédigé en 1711, Abraham De Moivre s'est intéresséà trouver le nombre d'essais nécessaires, dans le cadre d'une expérience binomiale, pour arriver à une probabilité de trouver au moins un certain nombre de succès de 1/2. Il a étudié deux cas: lorsque la probabilité de succès p = 1/2 et lorsque p est petit mais n, le nombre d'essais, est grand. Dans ce dernier cas, contrairement aux autres problèmes qu'il a résolus en probabilité, De Moivre n'a jamais révélé sa méthode de solution. Nous explorons la solution que De Moivre avait suggérée à l'origine et découvrons que sa méthode ne fonctionne pas. Nous explorons d'autres solutions numériques et suggérons que De Moivre s'était appuyé sur une méthode de solution très lourde et fastidieuse fondée sur ses travaux sur les séries dans les années 1690. Puisque sa méthode n'était ni rapide ni mathématiquement élégante, il n'a jamais révélé la méthode qu'il avait employée pour obtenir ses solutions numériques.

Suggested Citation

  • David R. Bellhouse & Matt Davison, 2009. "De Moivre's Poisson Approximation to the Binomial," International Statistical Review, International Statistical Institute, vol. 77(3), pages 451-459, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:istatr:v:77:y:2009:i:3:p:451-459
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-5823.2009.00086.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Stigler, Stephen M., 1982. "Poisson on the poisson distribution," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 1(1), pages 33-35, July.
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