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Toward an understanding of the spatiality of urban poverty: the urban poor as spatial actors

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  • Kevin Fox Gotham

Abstract

The last two decades have witnessed an explosion of empirical research on the role of space in group life at the same time scholars have lamented the under‐theorization of space in sociology. In particular, mainstream poverty researchers have conceptualized space as a neutral backdrop against which action unfolds and viewed poor people's agency as passive and unreflexive. This article attempts to move beyond this space‐as‐container ontology and provide a more coherent view of how theorizing space and spatial issues can help us understand the actions of the urban poor. At the core of the paper is an attempt to theorize agency as a spatial phenomenon — with spatial attributes and spatial influences — and offer empirical insight into how different spatial meanings can enable or constrain particular forms of social action and behavior. My intent is to contribute to an understanding of the urban poor as spatial actors. I argue that the importance of space lies in understanding it as an object of political struggle, a constitutive component of human agency, and a facilitator as well as constraint upon action. Les deux dernières décennies ont connu une explosion des recherches empiriques sur le rôle de l'espace dans la vie de groupe, tandis que les intellectuels déploraient le manque de théorisation de l'espace en sociologie. En particulier dans le courant dominant de la recherche sur la pauvreté, l'espace a été conceptualisé comme un décor neutre devant lequel se déroule l'action, et la capacité d'action des pauvres était considérée comme passive et irréfléchie. Cet article tente de dépasser cette ontologie de l'espace‐contenant et de fournir une vision plus cohérente de la façon dont on peut théoriser l'espace et dont les aspects spatiaux peuvent aider à comprendre les actions des populations urbaines pauvres. L'essence de ce travail vise à théoriser l'agence en tant que phénomène spatial — avec des influences et attributs spatiaux — et à proposer un aperçu empirique de la manière dont différentes significations spatiales peuvent susciter ou limiter des formes spécifiques d'action et de comportement sociaux. Le propos est de contribuer à une reconnaissance des pauvres des villes en tant qu'acteurs spatiaux. Donner son importance à l'espace, c'est le concevoir comme thème de lutte politique, élément constitutif de l'agence humaine, ainsi qu'aide et entrave à toute action.

Suggested Citation

  • Kevin Fox Gotham, 2003. "Toward an understanding of the spatiality of urban poverty: the urban poor as spatial actors," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(3), pages 723-737, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:27:y:2003:i:3:p:723-737
    DOI: 10.1111/1468-2427.00478
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    Cited by:

    1. Nancy Ettlinger, 2009. "Surmounting City Silences: Knowledge Creation and the Design of Urban Democracy in the Everyday Economy," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(1), pages 217-230, March.
    2. Katherine Hankins & Andy Walter, 2012. "‘Gentrification with Justice’: An Urban Ministry Collective and the Practice of Place-making in Atlanta’s Inner-city Neighbourhoods," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 49(7), pages 1507-1526, May.
    3. Anastasia Panori, 2017. "A Tale of Hidden Cities," REGION, European Regional Science Association, vol. 4, pages 19-38.
    4. Tahire Erman & Süheyla Türkyilmaz, 2008. "Neighborhood Effects and Women's Agency regarding Poverty and Patriarchy in a Turkish Slum," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 40(7), pages 1760-1776, July.
    5. Wade, Manuela, 2008. "Soziale Bewegungen: Politisches Engagement über Alphabetisierung. Ein Vergleich zwischen Dakar und anderen westafrikanischen Städten," ÖFSE-Forum, Austrian Foundation for Development Research (ÖFSE), volume 35, number 35, Juni.
    6. McQuoid, Julia & Dijst, Martin, 2012. "Bringing emotions to time geography: the case of mobilities of poverty," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 26-34.
    7. Yadira Méndez-Lemus & Antonio Vieyra, 2014. "Tracing Processes in Poverty Dynamics: A Tale of Peri-urban Small-scale Farmers in Mexico City," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 51(10), pages 2009-2035, August.
    8. Linda M. Lobao & Gregory Hooks & Ann R. Tickamyer, 2007. "Poverty and inequality across space: sociological reflections on the missing-middle subnational scale," Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, Cambridge Political Economy Society, vol. 1(1), pages 89-113.
    9. Min Zhang & Weiping Wu & Weijing Zhong, 2018. "Agency and social construction of space under top-down planning: Resettled rural residents in China," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 55(7), pages 1541-1560, May.
    10. David J. Madden, 2014. "Neighborhood as Spatial Project: Making the Urban Order on the Downtown Brooklyn Waterfront," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(2), pages 471-497, March.

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