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Mega‐events, Urban Boosterism and Growth Strategies: An Analysis of the Objectives and Legitimations of the Cape Town 2004 Olympic Bid

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  • Harry H. Hiller

Abstract

Mega‐events are short‐term high‐profile events like Olympics and World Fairs that always have a significant urban impact. They re‐prioritize urban agendas, create post‐event usage debates, often stimulate urban redevelopment, and are instruments of boosterist ideologies promoting economic growth. While mega‐events have normally been the preserve of industrial/postindustrial cities, the bid for the 2004 Olympics by Cape Town, South Africa represented the first bid from Africa, and the most successful bid to date from a developing country. The unique theme of the Cape Town bid was human/urban development — a contradiction given the elitist and commercial nature of mega‐events — and yet a direct response to problems created by the apartheid city. The developmental aspects of the Cape Town bid are assessed in their South African context in order to ascertain whether development was only a legitimation for business interests (or growth machines) or whether and how the mega‐event would contribute to urban restructuring. It is concluded that the bid represented a form of urban/national boosterism that repositioned Cape Town and South African interests in the global economy — particularly relevant given its previous apartheid pariah status. As a pro‐growth strategy advocated by political and economic elites, the Olympic bid was less important as a sporting event at the grassroots than as a symbol of expectations of economic betterment. Whether mega‐events like the Olympics can carry such far‐reaching objectives within their more specific mandates is a matter for further reflection. Les méga‐événements sont des événements à court terme très en vue comme les jeux Olympiques et les foires mondiales qui ont toujours un impact urbain considérable. Ils changent les priorités des programmes urbains, ils créent des débats d'usage après l'événement, encouragent souvent le redéveloppement urbain, et sont les instruments des idéologies de relance qui supportent la croissance économique. Les méga‐événements prennent place habituellement dans les villes industrialisées/post‐industrialisées, mais la tentative du Cap en Afrique du Sud pour obtenir les jeux Olympiques de 2004 représente la première offre de l'Afrique. C'est la tentative venant d'un pays en voie de développement qui à ce jour a été la plus couronnée de succès. Le thème unique de la tentative du Cap était le développement humain/urbain — une contradiction, en vue de la nature commerciale et élitiste des méga‐événements — et cependant une réponse directe aux problèmes créés par la ville apartheid. Les aspects du développement de l'enchère du Cap sont évalués dans leur contexte sud‐africain afin d'établir si le développement était simplement une justification des intérÁts commerciaux (ou machines de croissance) ou si le méga‐événement pouvait contribuer à la restructuration urbaine, et comment. Je conclus que l'enchère représentait une forme de relance urbaine/nationale qui a replacé le Cap et l'Afrique du Sud dans l'économie globale — particulièrement pertinente en vue de son statut précédent d'apartheid paria. En tant que stratégie préconisée par les élites politiques et économiques pour stimuler la croissance, la tentative des jeux Olympiques était moins importante comme événement sportif populaire que comme le symbole d'une attente d'amélioration économique. Il reste à savoir si les méga‐événements comme les jeux Olympiques peuvent atteindre de tels objectifs de grande envergure dans leurs mandats spécifiques.

Suggested Citation

  • Harry H. Hiller, 2000. "Mega‐events, Urban Boosterism and Growth Strategies: An Analysis of the Objectives and Legitimations of the Cape Town 2004 Olympic Bid," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(2), pages 449-458, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:24:y:2000:i:2:p:449-458
    DOI: 10.1111/1468-2427.00256
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