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The Immoral Economy of Housing in Turkey

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  • Ayse Bugra

Abstract

This paper presents an examination of the political, social and economic coordinates of informal housing in Turkey within an analytical framework in which the complex interaction between the organizing principles of reciprocity, redistribution and exchange is taken into account. The discussion is centered on two ideas: (1) both redistribution and reciprocity incorporate a moral principle which can be defined as ‘the unequal treatment of the unequal’ as opposed to the moral neutrality of market exchange which takes place between formally equal trading partners; and (2) in certain contexts where redistributive processes are not institutionalized in a rule‐based, depersonalized manner but involve relations which take place within informal networks of reciprocity, the element of moral relativity that forms their basis might lead to situations where they lose their legitimacy and generate negative social consequences. The paper thus introduces a moral dimension into the discussion of informal sector activity by complementing Karl Polanyi's approach with Marshall Sahlins' typology of different types of reciprocity and shows that particular systems of redistribution might lead to the emergence of forms of negative reciprocity which shape both the market and the political process in a highly undesirable manner. Cet article présente un examen des coordonnées politiques, sociales et économiques du logement informel en Turquie, utilisant un modèle analytique dans lequel l'influence mutuelle entre les principes d'organisation, de réciprocité, de redistribution et d'échange, est prise en considération. La discussion porte sur deux idées: (1) la redistribution et la réciprocité comprennent toutes deux un principe moral qui peut être défini comme ‘le traitement inégal de l'inégal’, par opposition à la moralité neutre de l'échange de marché qui prend place entre des partenaires de commerce formellement égaux; et (2) dans certains contextes, lorsque les processus redistributifs ne sont pas institutionnalisés d'une façon formelle et impersonnelle mais incluent des relations qui prennent place dans des réseaux informels de reciprocité, l'élément de relativité morale qui forme leur base pourrait conduire à des situations où ils perdraient leur légitimité et auraient des conséquences sociales négatives. Cet article introduit donc une dimension morale à la discussion de l'activité du secteur informel en complémentant l'approche de Karl Polanyi avec la typologie des différents types de réciprocité de Marshall Sahlins, et montre que certains syst èmes de redistribution pourraient conduire à la naissance de formes de réciprocité négatives qui modèleraient de manière hautement indésirable et le processus du marché et le processus politique.

Suggested Citation

  • Ayse Bugra, 1998. "The Immoral Economy of Housing in Turkey," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 22(2), pages 303-307, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:22:y:1998:i:2:p:303-307
    DOI: 10.1111/1468-2427.00141
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    Cited by:

    1. Åžerife GeniÅŸ, 2007. "Producing Elite Localities: The Rise of Gated Communities in Istanbul," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 44(4), pages 771-798, April.
    2. E.Umran Topcu, 2011. "Spatial distribution of factors acting upon housing prices in Istanbul," ERSA conference papers ersa10p461, European Regional Science Association.
    3. Cem Baslevent & Meltem Dayoglu, 2005. "The Effect of Squatter Housing on Income Distribution in Urban Turkey," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 42(1), pages 31-45, January.
    4. Caglar Keyder, 2005. "Globalization and Social Exclusion in Istanbul," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(1), pages 124-134, March.

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