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Uneven development and beyond: regional development theory in post‐Mao China

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  • C. Cindy Fan

Abstract

Post‐Mao China is marked by priorities which unlike Maoist redistributive policies encourage and tolerate uneven regional development. But this approach has been under severe attack, and the Ninth Five‐Year Plan (1996–2000) which calls for narrowing the regional gap signals that new policies are due. These changes reflect shifts in development philosophies and theories, which are overlooked by many existing studies which emphasize only policies and their outcome. This paper explores the thoughts and ideas that underlie post‐Mao regional policy, by reviewing the Chinese literature on regional development from about 1985 to 1995. New applications of socialism and the influence of Western theories have helped to remove the stigma associated with uneven regional development, and have guided post‐Mao regional policy which favors the more developed eastern region. But the uneven regional development policy is blamed for the escalation in regional inequality, outflows of resources from poorer inland provinces, and regional conflicts and protectionism. More recent research which advocates renewed attention on and regional diffusion to the inland region, has inspired a new generation of regional development models and has influenced urban and regional policy. Nevertheless, the theory of Chinese regional development continues to be constrained by the obligation to justify official policy, and a lack of attention to firms, enterprises, and the relations between production and space. La Chine d’après Mao est caractérisée par des priorités qui, au contraire de la politique redistributive maoïıste, encouragent et tolèrent le développement régional inégal. Mais cette approche a été l’objet d’attaques virulentes, et le neuvième Plan de Cinq Ans (1996–2000), qui demande une diminution des écarts régionaux, indique qu’une nouvelle politique est nécessaire. Ces changements reflètent les variations dans les philosophies et théories de développement que de nombreuses études ignorent au profit des politiques et de leur résultats. En faisant une revue de la littérature chinoise sur le développement régional de 1985 à 1995, cet article explore les idées fondamentales de la politique régionale post‐Mao. De nouvelles applications du socialisme et l’influence des théories occidentales ont aidéà enlever le stigmate associé au développement régional inégal, et ont guidé la politique régionale post‐Mao, qui favorise la région de l’est, qui est plus développée. Mais la politique de développement régional inégal a été accusée de causer une escalation de l’inégalité régionale, une perte de ressources dans les provinces intérieures les plus pauvres, des conflits régionaux et du protectionnisme. Les recherches plus récentes, qui attirent l’attention sur la région de l’intérieur et recommandent la diffusion régionale aux terres de l’intérieur, ont inspiré une nouvelle génération de modèles de développement régional et ont influencé la politique urbaine et régionale. Néanmoins, la théorie du développement régional chinois est toujours limitée par l’obligation de justifier la politique officielle et par un manque d’attention aux entreprises et aux rapports entre la production et l’espace.

Suggested Citation

  • C. Cindy Fan, 1997. "Uneven development and beyond: regional development theory in post‐Mao China," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 21(4), pages 620-639, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:21:y:1997:i:4:p:620-639
    DOI: 10.1111/1468-2427.00105
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