Decomposing inequality in financial protection situation in Iran after implementing the health reform plan: What does the evidence show based on national survey of households' budget?

Background Lack of well‐designed healthcare financing mechanisms and high level of out‐of‐pocket payments in Iran over the last decades led to implementing Health Transformation Plan, in 2014. This study aims to decompose inequality in financial protection of Iranian households after the implementation of the Health Transformation Plan. Methods The data of Statistical Center of Iran (SCI) Survey on Rural and Urban Households Income‐Expenditure in 2015 to 2016 were used. The headcount ratio of catastrophic health expenditures was calculated. The corrected concentration index was estimated. The role of contributors on inequality in the exposure to catastrophic health expenditures among poor and nonpoor households was calculated using Farelie's model. Results The headcount ratio of the exposure to catastrophic health expenditures in urban and rural households was 2.5% (2.43% ‐ 2.64%) and 3.6% (3.48% ‐ 3.76%), respectively. The difference in households' income levels was the main contributor in explaining the inequality in facing catastrophic health expenditures between poor and nonpoor households. [Correction added on 02 June 2018, after first online publication: The “Results” section of the Abstract of the published article has been correctly updated on this version.] Conclusion Even after implementing the HTP, the headcount ratios of catastrophic health expenditure are still considerable. The results show that income is the greatest determinant of inequality in facing catastrophic health expenditure and in urban households.