General characteristics of the main components of the digital economy

The article defines a global trend, which consists in the active formation and spread of the digital economy, which has a number of positive gains for both the national economy and society as a whole. The digital economy appears as a new modern system of socio-economic relations aimed at increasing efficiency, competitiveness, maximizing profits, using new approaches to management, electronic interaction and document flow, and covers various areas of human life. The phenomenon of the digital economy is quite new for society, because the first studies of this phenomenon date only to the end of the 20th century, but in a fairly short time it has become an integral part of the present. In the classic version, three main components of the digital economy are distinguished, namely information and communication technologies, digital production and electronic commerce. In particular, the development of the e-commerce market is defined as one of the most dynamic in the world, the rapid spread of which occurred during the period of the coronavirus pandemic, which led to the transition from offline sales to online stores. Ukraine felt global trends in the development of e-commerce, because during the period of 2017-2021, the volumes of this market were increased almost three times. However, the unfolding of a full-scale war had an extremely negative impact on all spheres of social life, so e-commerce was no exception. Thus, in comparison with 2021, in 2022, the reduction of its volumes reached 12 times. Currently, the digital economy, thanks to the complex of information and communication systems and software, combines individuals, enterprises, and countries into a single digital system. That is, the digital economy is aimed at combining the global economy into a single whole, which is not limited by geographical affiliation. The spread of the digital economy in Ukraine has a number of problems, among which the most noticeable are imperfect digital infrastructure, the deployment of military operations on the territory of the country, the non-acceptance of modern innovations by a significant number of the population, etc. However, the positive achievements of the spread of the digital economy determine the need to find effective state programs to stimulate the development of the digital economy.