Transformations Of Budget Deficit Between 1980 And 2012 In Poland

A budget deficit finds itself among the issues most often discussed in the field of the public finance. A budget deficit is influenced by factors of a varied character. It can result from excessive budgetary expenditure on the militarization of economy, on developed state administration, transfers, public investments, or from the domestic and foreign debts service. In Poland a budget deficit appeared for the first time in 1980 and since then has been an inseparable element of the Polish public finance. Thus the deficits in those times were of apparent character. They resulted from most of all a redistribution activity, which manifested itself in high grants. In the studied period of time the amount of the budget deficit both in the nominal terms and in the relation to GDP was changeable. Nevertheless, every year the state budget was closed with a budget deficit, apart from 1990, when a budgetary surplus appeared. It should be emphasized that the deficits of the 1980s in the relation to GDP were considerably smaller than those in the 1990s or in the first decade of the 21st century. The aim of this paper is to describe the reasons for the occurrence of a budget deficit in Poland since the beginning of the 1980s and its relation to GDP in Poland until 2012.