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Gender and race/ethnicity differences in lead dose biomarkers

Author

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  • Theppeang, K.
  • Glass, T.A.
  • Bandeen-Roche, K.
  • Todd, A.C.
  • Rohde, C.A.
  • Schwartz, B.S.

Abstract

Objectives. We sought to identify predictors of lead concentrations in the blood, tibias, and patellae of older adults and to describe differences by gender, race/ ethnicity, and other factors that can influence lead toxicokinetics and, thus modify health effects. Methods. Participants aged 50 to 70 years (N = 1140) were randomly identified from selected neighborhoods in Baltimore, Maryland. We measured lead concentrations by anodic stripping voltammetry (in blood) and 109Cd-induced K-shell x-ray fluorescence (in bone). We used multiple linear regression to identify predictors of lead concentrations. Results. Mean (SD) lead concentrations in blood, tibias, and patellae were 3.5 (2.4) μg/dL, 18.9 (12.5) μg/g, and 6.8 (18.1) μg/g, respectively. Tibia concentrations were 29% higher in African Americans than in Whites (P < .01). We observed effect modification by race/ethnicity on the association of gender and physical activity to blood lead concentrations and by gender on the association of age to tibia lead concentrations. Patella lead concentrations differed by gender; apolipoprotein E genotype modified this relation. Conclusions. African Americans evidenced a prominent disparity in lifetime lead dose. Women may be at higher risk of release of lead from bone and consequent health effects because of increased bone demineralization with aging.

Suggested Citation

  • Theppeang, K. & Glass, T.A. & Bandeen-Roche, K. & Todd, A.C. & Rohde, C.A. & Schwartz, B.S., 2008. "Gender and race/ethnicity differences in lead dose biomarkers," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 98(7), pages 1248-1255.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2007.118505_6
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.118505
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    Cited by:

    1. Emmanuel Obeng-Gyasi & Alesia C. Ferguson & Katherine A. Stamatakis & Michael A. Province, 2021. "Combined Effect of Lead Exposure and Allostatic Load on Cardiovascular Disease Mortality—A Preliminary Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-9, June.
    2. Robert Reilly & Susan Spalding & Brad Walsh & Jeanne Wainer & Sue Pickens & Marcene Royster & John Villanacci & Bert B. Little, 2018. "Chronic Environmental and Occupational Lead Exposure and Kidney Function among African Americans: Dallas Lead Project II," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-10, December.
    3. Deniz Yeter & Ellen C. Banks & Michael Aschner, 2020. "Disparity in Risk Factor Severity for Early Childhood Blood Lead among Predominantly African-American Black Children: The 1999 to 2010 US NHANES," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-26, February.
    4. Marie Lynn Miranda & Sharon E. Edwards & Geeta K. Swamy & Christopher J. Paul & Brian Neelon, 2010. "Blood Lead Levels Among Pregnant Women: Historical Versus Contemporaneous Exposures," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 7(4), pages 1-12, April.

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