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Factor Models, Machine Learning, and Asset Pricing

Author

Listed:
  • Stefano Giglio

    (Yale School of Management, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA)

  • Bryan Kelly

    (Yale School of Management, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA)

  • Dacheng Xiu

    (Booth School of Business, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA)

Abstract

We survey recent methodological contributions in asset pricing using factor models and machine learning. We organize these results based on their primary objectives: estimating expected returns, factors, risk exposures, risk premia, and the stochastic discount factor as well as model comparison and alpha testing. We also discuss a variety of asymptotic schemes for inference. Our survey is a guide for financial economists interested in harnessing modern tools with rigor, robustness, and power to make new asset pricing discoveries, and it highlights directions for future research and methodological advances.

Suggested Citation

  • Stefano Giglio & Bryan Kelly & Dacheng Xiu, 2022. "Factor Models, Machine Learning, and Asset Pricing," Annual Review of Financial Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 14(1), pages 337-368, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:anr:refeco:v:14:y:2022:p:337-368
    DOI: 10.1146/annurev-financial-101521-104735
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Langlois, Hugues, 2023. "What matters in a characteristic?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 149(1), pages 52-72.
    2. Jozef Barunik & Matej Nevrla, 2022. "Common Idiosyncratic Quantile Risk," Papers 2208.14267, arXiv.org, revised Jun 2023.
    3. Yujie Ding & Shuai Jia & Tianyi Ma & Bingcheng Mao & Xiuze Zhou & Liuliu Li & Dongming Han, 2023. "Integrating Stock Features and Global Information via Large Language Models for Enhanced Stock Return Prediction," Papers 2310.05627, arXiv.org.
    4. Chen, Ding & Guo, Biao & Zhou, Guofu, 2023. "Firm fundamentals and the cross-section of implied volatility shapes," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    5. Kelvin J. L. Koa & Yunshan Ma & Ritchie Ng & Tat-Seng Chua, 2024. "Learning to Generate Explainable Stock Predictions using Self-Reflective Large Language Models," Papers 2402.03659, arXiv.org, revised Feb 2024.
    6. Nie, Chun-Xiao & Song, Fu-Tie, 2023. "Stable versus fragile community structures in the correlation dynamics of Chinese industry indices," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    7. Trent Spears & Stefan Zohren & Stephen Roberts, 2023. "View fusion vis-\`a-vis a Bayesian interpretation of Black-Litterman for portfolio allocation," Papers 2301.13594, arXiv.org.
    8. Junyi Ye & Bhaskar Goswami & Jingyi Gu & Ajim Uddin & Guiling Wang, 2024. "From Factor Models to Deep Learning: Machine Learning in Reshaping Empirical Asset Pricing," Papers 2403.06779, arXiv.org.
    9. Juan Tenorio & Wilder Perez, 2024. "Monthly GDP nowcasting with Machine Learning and Unstructured Data," Papers 2402.04165, arXiv.org.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    asset pricing; factor models; machine learning; risk premium; stochastic discount factor;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C52 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Model Evaluation, Validation, and Selection
    • C55 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Large Data Sets: Modeling and Analysis
    • C58 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Financial Econometrics
    • G0 - Financial Economics - - General
    • G1 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets
    • G17 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Financial Forecasting and Simulation

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