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Gender equality in human capital and fertility in the European regions in the past

Author

Listed:
  • Ralph Hippe

    (European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate for Growth and Innovation, Human Capital and Employment Unit, Ispra, Italy)

  • Faustine Perrin

    (Department of Economic History, School of Economics and Management, Lund University, Sweden)

Abstract

Gender inequality in human capital has been shown to be an important indicator of economic development, but has remained unexplored in a European history perspective. Using a new and large historical database on male and female literacy rates, new evidence is presented on the distribution of gender inequality in human capital in European regions in 1900 and 1960. An analysis is made of the distribution of fertility rates to determine the relationship between gender equality in education and the demographic transition. The results show a reversal of educational fortunes and regional fertility rates. Regions with lower fertility rates in the past tend to display higher rates today. KEY Classification-JEL: N33. N93. O18

Suggested Citation

  • Ralph Hippe & Faustine Perrin, 2017. "Gender equality in human capital and fertility in the European regions in the past," Investigaciones de Historia Económica - Economic History Research (IHE-EHR), Journal of the Spanish Economic History Association, Asociación Española de Historia Económica, vol. 13(03), pages 166-179.
    • Handle: RePEc:ahe:invest:v:13:y:2017:i:03:p:166-179
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Goli, Imaneh & Azadi, Hossein & Najafabadi, Maryam Omidi & Lashgarara, Farhad & Viira, Ants-Hannes & Kurban, Alishir & Sklenička, Petr & Janečková, Kristina & Witlox, Frank, 2023. "Are adaptation strategies to climate change gender neutral? Lessons learned from paddy farmers in Northern Iran," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    2. Adele H. Marshall & Mariangela Zenga & Aglaia Kalamatianou, 2020. "Academic Students’ Progress Indicators and Gender Gaps Based on Survival Analysis and Data Mining Frameworks," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 151(3), pages 1097-1128, October.
    3. Ralph Hippe & Luisa De Sousa Lobo Borges de Araujo & Patricia Dinis Mota da Costa, 2016. "Equity in Education in Europe," JRC Research Reports JRC104595, Joint Research Centre.
    4. Tao Tang & Brayan Tillaguango & Rafael Alvarado & Ximena Songor-Jaramillo & Priscila Méndez & Stefania Pinzón, 2022. "Heterogeneity in the Causal Link between FDI, Globalization and Human Capital: New Empirical Evidence Using Threshold Regressions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-27, July.
    5. Annalisa Frigo & Èric Roca Fernández, 2022. "Roots of gender equality: the persistent effect of beguinages on attitudes toward women," Journal of Economic Growth, Springer, vol. 27(1), pages 91-148, March.
    6. Youssouf Merouani & Faustine Perrin, 2022. "Gender and the long-run development process. A survey of the literature [Rethinking age heaping: A cautionary tale from nineteenth-century Italy]," European Review of Economic History, European Historical Economics Society, vol. 26(4), pages 612-641.
    7. Monica Bozzano & Gabriele Cappelli, 2019. "The legacy of history or the outcome of reforms? Primary education and literacy in Liberal Italy (1871-1911)," Department of Economics University of Siena 801, Department of Economics, University of Siena.
    8. Gabriele Cappelli & Michelangelo Vasta, 2021. "A “Silent Revolution”: school reforms and Italy’s educational gender gap in the Liberal Age (1861–1921)," Cliometrica, Journal of Historical Economics and Econometric History, Association Française de Cliométrie (AFC), vol. 15(1), pages 203-229, January.
    9. Romane Frecheville-Faucon & Magali Jaoul-Grammare & Faustine Perrin, 2023. "Gender Inequalities: Progress and Challenges," Working Papers 12-23, Association Française de Cliométrie (AFC).
    10. Romane Frecheville-Faucon & Magali Jaoul-Grammare & Faustine Perrin, 2023. "Gender Inequalities: Progress and Challenges," Working Papers of BETA 2023-32, Bureau d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée, UDS, Strasbourg.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Capital humano. Igualdad de género. Fecundidad. Regiones europeas;

    JEL classification:

    • N33 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy - - - Europe: Pre-1913
    • N93 - Economic History - - Regional and Urban History - - - Europe: Pre-1913
    • O18 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure

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