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Volatilidad de los mercados agrarios y crisis alimentaria

Author

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  • Sumpsi, Jose

Abstract

En los ultimos anos la volatilidad de los mercados agrarios ha aumentado notablemente. En este articulo se analizan las causas de este aumento, abordandose cuestiones como el deficit de liveralizacion existente en el comercio agrario internacional, la especulacion financiera en los mercados de futuros o el aumento de la demanda de granos para producir biocombustibles. Aunique importantes, se recoge como el factor clave y originario es que desde el ano 2000 y como consecuencia del fuerte crecimento de paises emergentes como Brasil, China o India, se ha producido un mayor crecimiento de la demanda de alimentos que de la oferta de alimentos, hasta llegar unos niveles minimos historicos de los stocks mundiales de materias primas. Teniendo en cuenta que la presion de la demanda de alimentos de una poblacion mundial creciente se vera agudizada en las proximas decadas por los impactos del cambio climatico sobre la productividad agraria, se senala que la adopcion de tecnologias sostenibles ya existentes, junto con la generacion y adaptacion de nuevas tecnologias, permitiria que en las proximas decadas los mercados agrarios estuvieran mas equilibrados, lo que llevaria a una situacion de precios de los alimentos mas estables, y a su vez a una mejora de la seguridad alimentaria mundial. Pero, para ello es necesario tambien que se fortalezcan las instituciones agrarias, se disenen y apliquen las politicas agrarias adecuadas y aumente la inversion publica y privada en la agricultura. In recent years the volatility of agricultural markets has increased significantly. This paper analyzes the causes of this increase, addressing issues such as lack of existing liberalization in international agricultural trade, financial speculation in futures markets or increased demand for grain to produce biofuels. It is signaled as a key and original cause, the higher increase since 2000, in demand for food than supply as consequence of the strong growth in emerging countries as Brazil China or India, and resulted low levels of world stocks of raw materials. Given the pressure of demand for food from a growing world population will be exacerbated in coming decades by the impacts of climate change on agricultural productivity, it is noted that the adoption of sustainable technologies already exist, along with the generation and adaptation of new technologies, would allow in the coming decades the agricultural markets were more balanced, leading to a situation of food prices more stable, and in turn to improved food security. But this requires also the strengthening of agricultural institutions, the design and implementation of suitable agricultural policies and the increase of public and private investment in agriculture.

Suggested Citation

  • Sumpsi, Jose, 2011. "Volatilidad de los mercados agrarios y crisis alimentaria," Revista Espanola de Estudios Agrosociales y Pesqueros, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Rural y Marino (formerly Ministry of Agriculture), issue 229, pages 1-25.
  • Handle: RePEc:ags:spreea:186682
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.186682
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    Cited by:

    1. Guillen, Jordi & Maynou, Francesc, 2014. "Importance of temporal and spatial factors in the ex-vessel price formation for red shrimp and management implications," Marine Policy, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 66-70.
    2. Ikerne del Valle & Jordi Guillen & Kepa Astorkiza, 2017. "Substituting hake with sardines? Economic crisis and fish demand in Spain," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 33(4), pages 600-610, September.
    3. Arnalte, Eladio & Baptista, Fernando Oliveira & Garrabou, Ramon, 2012. "Viejas y nuevas dimensiones de la cuestion de la tierra," Revista Espanola de Estudios Agrosociales y Pesqueros, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Rural y Marino (formerly Ministry of Agriculture), issue 231, pages 1-18.

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