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Unidades Representativas De Producción De Cereales. Panorama Económico 2009-2014. Estado De Guanajuato

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  • María, Salas González José
  • Myriam, Sagarnaga Villegas Leticia
  • Gerardo, Gómez González
  • Antonio, Leos Rodríguez Juan
  • Omar, Peña Sosa

Abstract

The main goal of this analysis is to evaluate the economic viability of Representative Cereal Farms in the Mexican State of Guanajuato, in order to support a differentiated agricultural policy enhancing process and to boost the development of the agricultural sector in this Mexican state. Thirteen URP were located in different regions within the state and modeled under the 2009 agricultural settings, overall, under actual representative technologies of production and available irrigation systems. A panel farm process was applied to obtain the information required to the financial analysis for each URP. With the information obtained from the panel discussion, the historical risk (yields) reported by farmers, the projection prices calculated by FAPRI/SAGARPA/UACh 2010 and FAPRI 2011, and under the current support programs, different scenarios for economic viability were modeled. Economic key variables were chosen for the financial analysis (agricultural year 2009-2010) such as production cost, cash net income, and equilibrium point. For the economic analysis (2010-2014) the variables were: cash net income, ending cash reserves, nominal net worth, real net worth, economic viability, probability of negative ending cash reserves and probability of real net worth loosing. The financial and economic variables were estimated through the econometric program MexSim©. The results for the basis year analysis (2009) showed that most of the URP worked under the equilibrium point and only eight URP had positive net income. For the 2010-2014 period, the URP economic viability improved; seven URP were economically viable; and the rest of the URP needed governmental support to continue working. These results might be useful to design specific policies and tools for each kind of producer....El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la viabilidad económica de Unidades Representativas de Producción (URP) de cereales en el estado de Guanajuato, con el fin de apoyar el diseño de políticas de fomento diferenciadas, que permitan impulsar la producción agrícola estatal. Se modelaron 13 URP distribuidas en diferentes regiones del estado, las cuales emplean las tecnologías de producción más comunes, bajo los regímenes hídricos de temporal, riego por bombeo y riego por gravedad para el año agrícola 2009. Mediante la técnica de paneles, se obtuvo de los productores la información requerida para el análisis financiero de las URP. Con esta información sistematizada y empleando proyecciones de variables macroeconómicas y de precios internacionales de cereales de FAPRI/SAGARPA/UACh (2009) y FAPRI (2011), así como la política de apoyos vigentes y los niveles de riesgo histórico reportado por los productores (rendimiento por hectárea), se modelaron escenarios de la viabilidad económica. Para el análisis financiero (año agrícola 2009) las variables utilizadas fueron: costo de producción, ingreso neto, y punto de equilibrio. Para el análisis económico (2010-2014) las variables utilizadas fueron: ingreso neto en efectivo, transferencias, reservas finales de efectivo, capital nominal, capital neto real, viabilidad económica, probabilidad de obtener reservas finales de efectivo negativas y probabilidad de enfrentar pérdidas de capital neto real, las cuales se estimaron con el programa econométrico MexSim©. Para el año base (2009), sólo ocho URP obtuvieron ingresos netos positivos. La mayoría de URP no alcanzó el punto de equilibrio. Para el periodo 2010-2014, la viabilidad económica de las URP mejora sensiblemente, siete de las URP son económicamente viables; las restantes dependen de la intervención del gobierno para mantenerse. Estos resultados podrían ser útiles para diseñar una política de fomento con instrumentos adecuados a las necesidades de cada tipología de URP.

Suggested Citation

  • María, Salas González José & Myriam, Sagarnaga Villegas Leticia & Gerardo, Gómez González & Antonio, Leos Rodríguez Juan & Omar, Peña Sosa, 2013. "Unidades Representativas De Producción De Cereales. Panorama Económico 2009-2014. Estado De Guanajuato," Revista Mexicana de Agronegocios, Sociedad Mexicana de Administracion Agropecuaria, vol. 33(July-Dece), pages 1-12.
  • Handle: RePEc:ags:remeag:155125
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.155125
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    Agribusiness;

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