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Factores determinantes de la insercion de las explotaciones de vacuno de carne de Navarra en mecanismos de diferenciacion

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Author Info
Ramos, Almudena Gomez
Muniz, Ignacio Atance
Apezteguia, Belen Iraizoz
Abstract

El sector de vacuno de carne está sufriendo un proceso de reajuste para adaptarse a una demanda que exige un producto diferenciado y de calidad homogénea en un mercado dominado cada vez más por la gran distribución. En este contexto se desarrollan los mecanismos de diferenciación de la producción que tratan de coordinar los procesos de producción con la comercialización, insertando al ganadero en este proceso. El presente trabajo estudia la relación entre los mecanismos de diferenciación y las características de los sistemas de producción de carne de vacuno, incidiendo sobre las causas que llevan a la explotación a insertarse o no en alguno de ellos. Para ello se ha analizado el caso de la Comunidad Foral de Navarra en la que se desarrolla desde hace más de diez años la Indicación Geográfica Protegida (IGP) "Ternera de Navarra" con objeto de apoyar y promocionar la carne de vacuno producida en la región. Estas conviven en el caso navarro con pequeñas marcas privadas de calidad promovidas en su mayoría por ganaderos. La metodología seguida, basada en un modelo probabilístico tipo Logit, desarrollado a partir de encuestas dirigidas a ganaderos de la región, ha permitido identificar qué variables propias del empresario y la explotación inciden más en la probabilidad de insertarse o no en la IGP. Los resultados del trabajo muestran como la IGP es un importante instrumento de protección de determinados sistemas ganaderos de alto valor estratégico para la región a través de comercialización y promoción de su producción. Puede ser considerada por tanto, como un instrumento de desarrollo rural a través de la valorización de la producción de zonas desfavorecidas. Las marcas comerciales conviven con la IGP mediante la integración de explotaciones mayores y de carácter intensivo, más competitivas y adaptadas a las exigencias del mercado. Palabras clave: sector vacuno, mecanismos de diferenciación, modelo logit, Indicación Geográfica Protegida. Beef cattle sector is readapting to increasing requirements from the demand, which looks for a differentiated product, with constant quality, in a market beginning to be dominated by great distribution companies. Mechanisms to differentiate production are been implemented in this context, co-ordinating both production and marketing processes and integrating livestock farmers into the commercial system. This paper study the relation between these mechanisms and the characteristics of the livestock systems, addressing the causes explaining the voluntary integration of farmers in them. The research area selected was the Comunidad Foral de Navarra due to the existence since more than ten years ago of the Protected Geographic Indication (PGI) "Ternera de Navarra", created to support and promote beef meat from Navarra. In addition to the PGI there also exist differentiation mechanisms represented by small private quality labels implemented by farmers. The development of a Logit model based on a survey to farmers has allowed to identify which are those variables with greater influence in the decision of integration into the PGI. Additionally, results show how this Indication is an important instrument to support some specific livestock systems trough the marketing and promotion of their production. So, the PGI can be considered as a rural development instrument that increased the added value of certain products in less favoured areas, while private labels focus on integrating greater and more intensive farms, more competitive and better adapted to market exigencies.

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Article provided by Spanish Association of Agricultural Economists in its journal Economia Agraria y Recursos Naturales.

Volume (Year): 3 (2003)
Issue (Month): 6 ()
Pages:
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Handle: RePEc:ags:earnsa:28795

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Related research
Keywords: Beef cattle sector; differentiation mechanism; Logit model; Protected Geographic Indication.; Livestock Production/Industries; Q13; Q18;

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