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The Trade Reform Wave of 1985−1995

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  • Douglas A. Irwin

Abstract

The decade from 1985 to 1995 will go down in history as an unprecedented period in which global trade barriers were reduced. Some trade agreements (the North American Free Trade Agreement, the European Single Market, the Uruguay Round) were prominent late in this period, but the reform wave was led by developing countries in Latin America and Asia and formerly communist countries in Eastern Europe undertaking unilateral reforms. What accounts for this remarkable shift in policy? This paper highlights the declining use of trade restrictions for balance of payments purposes and the rise in exchange rate flexibility as important factors driving the policy change.

Suggested Citation

  • Douglas A. Irwin, 2022. "The Trade Reform Wave of 1985−1995," AEA Papers and Proceedings, American Economic Association, vol. 112, pages 244-251, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:aea:apandp:v:112:y:2022:p:244-51
    DOI: 10.1257/pandp.20221048
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • F15 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Economic Integration
    • F32 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Current Account Adjustment; Short-term Capital Movements
    • O19 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations
    • O24 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Development Planning and Policy - - - Trade Policy; Factor Movement; Foreign Exchange Policy

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