World-Class University Campuses as a New Form of Organization of Educational Spaces on the Territory of the Russian Federation

An urgent problem in many countries is to increase the efficiency of using educational spaces, which is solvable through the creation of campuses. Campuses contribute to economic growth by localizing education, science, innovation and business in a single space. However, the establishment of campuses in the Russian Federation should be justified both for private investors involved in their creation and for the state, which accounts for a significant amount of their financing. Hence, it is necessary to determine the parameters that will allow creating the most popular and effective educational spaces on the territory of the Russian Federation. The paper considers various types of campuses available in world practice: urban and autonomous, local and dispersed, historical and modern, campuses of various models: English, French, American, Southeastern and satellite. Though known in world practice from the 18th century, campuses as an effective form of organizing educational spaces are currently only being created in Russia. Since 2021, there have been selected 17 projects, and the selection of projects will continue in subsequent years. The study resulted in parameters that are not taken into account when determining the maximum amount of subsidies aimed at creating campuses on the basis of existing regulatory documents. However, the analysis of the world practice shows that these parameters are necessary and directly affect the creation and further functioning of campuses. A system of additional criteria is of great importance, which makes it possible to assess not only the success of the project for the urban environment and the effect on the economy of the region, but also the expediency of financial investments, both for the state and for the private investor. The paper concludes that when considering projects for the creation of campuses, it is necessary to additionally take into account commercial and budgetary efficiency; the location of the campus, its scale, orientation, involvement in the urban environment; the load of infrastructure facilities to ensure the creation of the most effective campuses on the territory of our country.