“Economics of technologies†: Types, functions, competitiveness

Proposed the main classification of technologies by types, which together with the research of the life cycle of technology allows expanding the notion of the processes of technological changes. Technology is considered an institution (a set of rules) that has a high coercive power, which sets the mode of development of the economic system that uses this set of technologies. And the stage of the life cycle determines the type of technologies used, affects the further processes of replacing old technologies with new technologies, and the emergence of new technologies (displacement, addition, coupling). The conditions and factors of technology competitiveness (including their main types) are considered. One of the most important regularities of technological progress is the supporting technological base, although there are exceptions when, with the general technological backwardness, the country acquires and introduces modern (advanced technologies) that have a positive effect on its development. However, such an outcome is the exception rather than the rule. In addition to new technologies, the state of the so-called old technologies will be limiting in the field of technological development, which should be taken into account in the framework of ongoing development programs. The influence of the technology structure on the rate of growth of the economic system is shown in the framework of the neo-noise technology approach. Therefore, the policy should take into account the effects of resource allocation between different directions. The purpose of the article was to show the typology of technologies in relation to the life cycle, to describe the factors of competitiveness in these types and to show the influence of the technological structure on the dynamics of the economy.