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Guarantees in Ṣukūk between Sharīʿah Objectives and Contract Conditions الضمانات في الصكوك بين المقاصد الشرعية وشروط العقد

Author

Listed:
  • Ali bin Hussein Aidi

    (Lecturer, Faculty of Islamic Sciences, Al-Madinah International University, Malaysia)

  • Muhammad Salama

    (Associate Professor Faculty of Islamic Sciences, Al-Madinah International University, Malaysia)

Abstract

Guarantees offered for ṣukūk in Islamic finance have become a problematic issue of discussion. From the authors’ perspective, the issue should be approached from two aspects: one considering the required conditions for the validity of contracts and the other considering the Sharīʿah objectives. This research aims to emphasize the necessity of considering the objectives of contracts from a Sharīʿah perspective before judging their validity; particularly with regard to guaranteed ṣukūk. To achieve this goal, the research employs two methods: one descriptive and the other analytical as well as critical. The research has concluded that it is not permissible to stipulate holding the ṣukūk issuer liable neither for the ṣukūk nominal values nor for a predetermined amount of profit; that the idea of holding the ṣukūk issuer responsible based on considering him a joint muḍārib is not founded on solid evidence; that it is not permissible for the muḍārib, partner, or wakīl to be committed to give loan to ṣukūk holders when the actual return for ṣukūk is less than expected; that, in some of their applications, ṣukūk based on lease ending with ownership involve the impermissible ʿīnah transaction; that guarantees in ṣukūk contradict Sharīʿah rules when the issuer undertakes to purchase the ṣukūk assets at their nominal values at the end of the muḍārabah, mushārakah, or wakālah; and that the criteria to assess Islamic ṣukūk on the basis of Sharīʿah objectives can be divided into: criteria related to the motive, criteria related to the contract structure, and criteria for the outcomes of implementing the product. يُعد موضوع الضمانات في الصكوك الإسلامية من الموضوعات التي كثر الحديث حولها، وفي نظر الباحثَين ينبغي معالجة الموضوع من جانبين: جانب يراعي الشروط المطلوبة لصحة العقود، والجانب الآخر يراعي مقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية. يهدف البحث إلى التأكيد على ضرورة مراعاة المقاصد الشرعية في العقود قبل الحكم بصحتها خاصة فيما يتعلق بالضمان في الصكوك. ولتحقيق هذا الهدف يوظف البحث منهجين: المنهج الوصفي والمنهج التحليلي والنقدي. وقد توصل البحث إلى عدة نتائج منها : عدم جواز اشتراط ضمان مصدر الصك للصكوك بقيمتها الاسمية أو أي أرباح مقدرة سلفًا، وأن فكرة تضمين مصدر الصك باعتباره مضاربًا مشتركًا لا تستند إلى دليل قوي، وأنه لا يجوز للمضارب ولا الشريك ولا الوكيل أن يلتزم بإقراض حاملي الصكوك إذا انخفض الربح الفعلي المتوقع لها، وأن صكوك الإجارة المنتهية بالتمليك في بعض تطبيقاتها تنطوي على العينة المحرمة، وأن الضمانات في الصكوك تخالف قواعد الشريعة إذا التزم المصدر بشراء أصول الصكوك بقيمتها الإسمية في نهاية مدة المضاربة، أو المشاركة، أو الوكالة، وأن معايير تقييم الصكوك الإسلامية بناء على مقاصد الشريعة يمكن تقسيمها إلى: معايير تتعلق بالدوافع، ومعايير تتعلق بهيكلة العقد، ومعايير تتعلق بالنتائج المترتبة على تطبيق المنتج.

Suggested Citation

  • Ali bin Hussein Aidi & Muhammad Salama, 2019. "Guarantees in Ṣukūk between Sharīʿah Objectives and Contract Conditions الضمانات في الصكوك بين المقاصد الشرعية وشروط العقد," Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute., vol. 32(1), pages 127-144, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:abd:kauiea:v:32:y:2019:i:1:no:10:p:127-144
    DOI: 10.4197/Islec.32-1.10
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    Keywords

    Ṣukūk; Guarantee; Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah; Objectives; Validity; Securitization. الصكوك - الضمان - مقاصد الشريعة - الأهداف - الصلاحية - التوريق.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • K13 - Law and Economics - - Basic Areas of Law - - - Tort Law and Product Liability; Forensic Economics

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