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Historical and Juridical Foundations of Awqāf : Reliable vs. Unreliable facts The Example of the Charity of Abu Talhah Al-Ansari التأصيل الفقهي والتاريخي للأوقاف بين الشائع والموثوق: صدقة أبي طلحة نموذجًا

Author

Listed:
  • Ahmad Bin Mohammad Al-Maghrabi

    (Ex-faculty member, Faculty of arts and Humanities King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

To restore the active role of awqāf in present and future it is of utmost urgency that the facts in this domain are based on reliable and authentic scientific ground. A thorough review of past facts will help in directing the future in the right way. In the field of awqāf many unreliable well-known information has been treated as authentic. Examining such facts on scientific ground will prove that it is not the case. This study discusses the charity of Abu Talhaha al-Ansari as an example to demystify the claims surrounding this charity. The study, the first of its kind to the best knowledge of the researcher, reveals the following: 1. The Shafii’ scholar al-Khatib Al-Sharbini (died 977 H) is the first jurist to state two important issues: the first is the fact that verse 92 of Surat Al-Imran constitutes a basis for the permissibility of waqf; and the second is upon the revelation of this verse Abu Talhaha al-Ansari donated his famous farm; ‘Bairuha’ as an act of waqf. These two claims have been found to be based on non-reliable foundations. 2. Famous books of tafsir (i.e. interpretation of the Qur’an) state that the verse of Al-Imran deals with charity in general and not waqf in particular. Famous books of hadith reveal the same conclusion as there is no authentic narration from the Prophet (PBUH) which states that. In contrast to that the charity of Umar Ibn al-Khattab is clear and credible basis for the permissibility of wqaf. 3. There are juridical problems surrounding the charity of Abu Talhah. As a result, many scholars criticize its use as a reliable source for the permissibility of awqf in Shari’ah. Historical facts in the first and second centuries of the Islamic history show no sign that the charity of Abu Talhaha has impacted the practice of waqf in Muslim societies at that time. However, there is consensus among the companions and the followers that the charity of Umar and the general hadiths of charity did impact the practice of waqf. Therefore, historical facts indicate that the charity of Abu Talhah has never been regarded as an act of waqf from this companion, but rather it has been regarded as a general charityissibility of Waqf. المفترض أن يقوم الدور الفاعل لحاضر الأوقاف ومستقبلها على أسس علمية، وبناءً على معلومات صحيحة؛ لأنّ النتائج بنات المقدّمات. وإنّ مراجعة وتدقيق معلومات الماضي يعين على توخّي الصواب النافع للمستقبل. وقد شاعت وانتشرت في عالم الأوقاف معلومات بات البعض يتداولها على أنّها حقائق مع أنّها ليست كذلك. هذه الدّراسة محاولة لتناول هذا الجانب الذي ربّما كان جديدًا في الدراسات الوقفيّة من خلال ما فشى وانتشر عن صدقة أبي طلحة الأنصاري رضي الله عنه. وقد خَلُصت الدراسة إلى جملة من النتائج؛ منها: ? إنّ الخطيب الشربيني الشافعي (المتوفى977هـ) - رحمه الله – أوّل من نصّ على مسألتين فحواهما "أنّ آية آل عمران: 92 هي الأصل في الوقف، وأن أبا طلحة لما سمعها رغب في وقف حديقته "بيرحاء". وأنّ ما نصّ عليه هذا العالم -رحمه الله- ظهر من أساسه بصورة تفتقر إلى الدقّة والنّظر. ? إنّ أشهر كتب تفسير القرآن ترى في آية آل عمران: 92 وآيات مماثلة لها دلالة عموم لا تنحصر في مفهوم الأوقاف. وكذلك أشارت أشهر كتب الحديث النبوي إلى أن صدقة أبي طلحة رضي الله عنه صدقة من سائر الصدقات، ولم تظهر رواية موثوقة تدلّ على أنّها وقف، بخلاف ما روي عن صدقة عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه. ? إنّ إشكالات فقهية وقفيّة اكتنفت صدقة أبي طلحة وكانت مثارًا لانتقاد بعض أهل العلم. ? عدم وجود تأثير لصدقة أبي طلحة على مجريات تاريخ أوقاف المسلمين خاصة في القرنين الأول والثاني؛ بل إنّ إجماع الصحابة والتابعين كان على صدقة عمر بن الخطاب -رضي الله عنه-، وحديث الصدقة الجارية. ومن ثم فإنّ صدقة أبي طلحة لم تمثّل الوقف في أي مرحلة من مراحل تاريخ المسلمين.

Suggested Citation

  • Ahmad Bin Mohammad Al-Maghrabi, 2018. "Historical and Juridical Foundations of Awqāf : Reliable vs. Unreliable facts The Example of the Charity of Abu Talhah Al-Ansari التأصيل الفقهي والتاريخي للأوقاف بين الشائع والموثوق: صدقة أبي طلحة نمو," Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute., vol. 31(3), pages 99-114, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:abd:kauiea:v:31:y:2018:i:3:no:6:p:99-114
    DOI: 10.4197/Islec.31-3.6
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