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Toward an Active Role of AWAQF in the life of Contemporary Muslim Societies نحو دورٍ فاعلٍ للأوقاف في حياة المجتمعات المسلمة المعاصرة

Author

Listed:
  • Muhamed M. Gega- Alarnaut

    (Director of Institute for Oriental Studies, Kosovo)

Abstract

This paper starts with the legitimacy of the waqf in Islam, based on The Holy Quran, Prophet’s Tradition and the Ijtihad of Prophet's companions and their followers until the third century of Hijra, when the famous scholar Al-Khassaf wrote his book "Ahkam Al-Waqf (Rules of Al-Waqf)”. In this book are culminated the basic rules of the waqf, dominated for many centuries later, which are based in human Ijtihad as Mustafa Ahmed al-Zarqa states. The trend of Ijtihad continued later with two important development. The first one was in the sixth century of Hijra, called Irsad or the Sultans' waqf (i.e. public Waqf or Waqf decreed by the ruler), which allowed the ruler to establish new endowments (awqaf) from Bayt al-Mal (the treasury). The second development was the cash waqf in the eighth century of Hijra, which has been regarded as a "revolution in the Islamic jurisprudence relating to the Awaqaf". This trend of Ijtihad was revitalized in the last century with the decision of International Islamic Fiqh Academy (IIFA); an affiliate of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), which allowed the private sector to invest in waqf properties through B.O.T. system. Based in this historical background, this paper explores the great role played by waqf in Muslim societies in all aspects of life, especially in the socio-economic and educational-cultural domains, up to the new developments and experiences in many cotemporary Muslim societies, focusing on some obstacles that may hinder the potentials of waqf in Muslim societies تنطلق الورقة من استعراض مشروعية الوقف في الإسلام، وبالتحديد ما ورد في القرآن الكريم والأحاديث النبوية الشريفة، واختلاف الصحابة والتابعين حول الوقف خلال القرن الأول والثاني للهجرة حتى تعقدت أركانه وشروطه في القرن الثالث للهجرة في كتاب "أحكام الأوقاف" للخصّاف التي أصبحت تشترط الـتأبيد وغيره من الشروط، وهي "جميعها اجتهادية قياسية للرأي فيه مجال" كما يقول مصطفى الزرقا. وقد استمر هذا الاجتهاد في القرون اللاحقة ليشمل تطورين جديدين كان لهما الأثر الكبير في المجتمعات المسلمة: جواز وقف الأراضي من بيت المال أو التخصيص في القرن السادس الهجري، ووقف النقود في القرن الثامن الذي وصف بأنه "ثورة في الفقه المتعلق بالوقف". وبالاستناد إلى ذلك عاد باب الاجتهاد في الفقه المتعلق بالوقف ليفتح من جديد مع "الصحوة الوقفية" الجديدة ليستوعب المستجدات المتسارعة في عالم الاقتصاد والاستثمار، ومن ذلك فتوى مجمع الفقه الإسلامي الدولي في 2009م بالسماح للقطاع الخاص بالاستثمار في أصول الوقف على نظام "البناء والتشغيل والتحويل" B.O.T.)). مع هذه الخلفية الفقهية التاريخية تنتقل الورقة إلى التعريف بالدور الكبير الذي قام به الوقف في الماضي، في المجالات الثقافية والتعليمية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية، والتطورات الجديدة في عالم الوقف في القرن الأخير وصولاً إلى طرح بعض المعوقات التي تحدّ من قيام الوقف بدور أكبر في حياة المجتمعات المسلمة.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhamed M. Gega- Alarnaut, 2018. "Toward an Active Role of AWAQF in the life of Contemporary Muslim Societies نحو دورٍ فاعلٍ للأوقاف في حياة المجتمعات المسلمة المعاصرة," Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute., vol. 31(3), pages 33-53, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:abd:kauiea:v:31:y:2018:i:3:no:2:p:33-53
    DOI: 10.4197/Islec.31-3.2
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