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The Notion of Risk in Economics Revisited in the Light of Arab-Muslim Classical Literature نحو إعادة النظر في مفهوم المخاطرة في الاقتصاد في ضوء الأدبيات العربية والإسلامية التقليدية

Author

Listed:
  • Abderrazak Belabes

    (Researcher at the Islamic Economics Institute, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

The aim of this study is to show how Arab-Muslim societies, from Indonesia to Andalusia, did not wait for the modern era in order to learn how to live with risk. Rather, they developed codes of conduct, modes of thinking and moral values. At first sight, the main issue of the notion of risk that emerged in the light of classical Arab-Muslim literature lies in distinguishing between two types of risk: that associated with the real economy and linked to common goods and trade; and that which is associated with gambling and speculation. Taking risk is generally encouraged if it is bound to serve the productive economy from which everyone will benefit. It is, however, prohibited to take such a risk should it feed a game where a person’s gain is obtained at the expense of another. From our analysis, it appears that the notion of risk is not confined to the legal approach or the question of a probabilistic computation of uncertainty which characterizes the modernist approach to risk. This broader definition of risk opens-up the perspective to field studies incorporating notions such as vulnerability developed by some Muslim travelers. Our analysis also emphasizes the importance of studying historical manuscripts to explore alternative notions of risk. يهدف هذا البحث إلى بيان أنّ المجتمعات العربيّة والمسلمة - من إندونيسيا إلى الأندلس - لم تنتظر ما يوسم بالحداثة لمعرفة كيفية التعامل مع الخطر؛ بل وضعت لأجل ذلك قواعد سلوكية، وأساليب للتفكير، وقيم أخلاقية، طُوِّرت على مرّ الأزمان. من الوهلة الأولى يظهر أن المبحث الرئيس لمفهوم المخاطرة ينحصر في الأدبيات العربية والإسلامية الكلاسيكية في التمييز بين شكلين من المخاطرة: يرتبط الأول منهما بالأنشطة التي تخدم الاقتصاد الحقيقي، والثاني بالقمار والمجازفة. فيتم تشجيع المخاطرة إذا كانت تخدم الاقتصاد الإنتاجي الذي ينتفع منه جميع أفراد المجتمع، بينما يتم تحريمها في القمار الذي يربح فيه طرف على حساب طرف آخر. يظهر من خلال هذا البحث أن مفهوم المخاطرة في ضوء هذه الأدبيات لا ينحصر في المقاربة الفقهية، كما يتعدى مسألة العد الاحتمالي لعدم التأكد الذي يـُميِّز المقاربة المعاصرة للمخاطرة. هذا التعريف الأوسع للمخاطر يفتح المجال للدراسات الميدانية التي ترتكز على مفاهيم مثل قابلية التعرض للأذى التي أشار إليها بعض الرحالة المسلمين. ويظهر أيضا من خلال هذا البحث أهمية العناية بالمخطوطات في استكشاف مفاهيم بديلة للمخاطرة، وهي تُمثّل كنزاً من كنوز المعرفة التي لا تُقدّر بثمن.

Suggested Citation

  • Abderrazak Belabes, 2017. "The Notion of Risk in Economics Revisited in the Light of Arab-Muslim Classical Literature نحو إعادة النظر في مفهوم المخاطرة في الاقتصاد في ضوء الأدبيات العربية والإسلامية التقليدية," Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute., vol. 30(2), pages 3-12, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:abd:kauiea:v:30:y:2017:i:2:no:1:p:3-12
    DOI: 10.4197/Islec.30-2.1
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    Keywords

    Risk; Gharar; Maysir; uncertainty; vulnerability; Arab-Muslim literature. المخاطرة، القمار، الغرر، عدم التأكد، قابلية التعرض للأذى، الأدبيات العربية والإسلاميّة، الحداثة.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • B1 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - History of Economic Thought through 1925
    • B19 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - History of Economic Thought through 1925 - - - Other
    • Z12 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics - - - Religion

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