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Efficiency and Justice in Income Distribution – Necessary and Sufficient Conditions and the Islamic Economic Model كفاءة وعدالة توزيع الدخل – الشرط الضروري والشرط الكافي – الاقتصاد الإسلامي أنموذجًا

Author

Listed:
  • Ahmad Ibrahim Mansoor

    (Assistant Professor, Nawroz University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq)

Abstract

Economic efficiency and justice in distribution of income is a sensitive economic, social and political topic at the level of formulation of economic theories. Since the first formulations, mathematical sciences have been used as tools of analysis to arrive at convincing results. This paper addresses the topic of efficiency and justice in income distribution through a basic issue; namely comprehensive prosperity or happiness via its two main dimensions: the necessary condition and the sufficient condition. It then demonstrates the foundational settings through logic, philosophy and mathematics. It then attends to the modern theoretical formulations on the topic and the ongoing controversy concerning the relation of the research with the principle of benefit on the one hand and the issues of right and good on the other hand. It then presents the Islamic alternative. The study concludes that there are two responsibilities that fall upon the sector of the economy having more benefits, viz. funding the incomes of the sector having fewer benefits through alms (zakāh) and other financial impositions and the voluntary ones to make their incomes reach the level of sufficient income. The other one is to fund investment through their savings. This is an issue of double impact on the total economic activity. يعد موضوع كفاءة وعدالة توزيع الدخل من الموضوعات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والسياسية الحساسة على مستوى الفكر وصياغة النظريات. تطرح هذه الورقة موضوع الكفاءة والعدالة في توزيع الدخل من خلال القضية الأساسية وهي الرفاهية الشاملة أو السعادة، وبحديها الشرط الضروري، والشرط الكافي، ثم تستعرض المنطلقات التأسيسية من خلال المنطق الصوري وفلسفة الرياضيات، ثم تتعرض إلى الصياغات النظرية الحديثة في هذا الموضوع والجدل الدائر حول ارتباط القضية موضوعة البحث مع مبدأ المنفعة من جهة، ثم مسألتي الحق والخير من جهة أخرى. وحتى يمكن طرح البديل من خلال النموذج الإسلامي اقتصادًا، ثم الطرح صياغةً وفق مقاصد الشريعة، ولكي يكون طرح البديل ممكنًا تمت صياغته وفق المنطق الصوري بمعادلات رياضية مبسطة توصل الباحث من خلالها إلى حالة التعاضد بين مفهومي الكفاءة والعدالة ومتضمنتاهما كحدين مؤثرين في مستوى الرفاهية والسعادة المنشودة، حيث اتضح أن ما يقع على عاتق الشريحة الاجتماعية الأكثر انتفاعًا مسألتين هما: تمويل دخول الشريحة الأقل انتفاعًا بواسطة الزكاة والفروض المالية الأخرى والتطوعية للوصول بدخولهم إلى حد دخل الكفاية، أما الأخرى فهي تمويل الاستثمار بواسطة مدخراتهم، وهي مسألة مزدوجة التأثير في النشاط الاقتصادي الكلي.

Suggested Citation

  • Ahmad Ibrahim Mansoor, 2016. "Efficiency and Justice in Income Distribution – Necessary and Sufficient Conditions and the Islamic Economic Model كفاءة وعدالة توزيع الدخل – الشرط الضروري والشرط الكافي – الاقتصاد الإسلامي أنموذجًا," Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute., vol. 29(3), pages 155-180, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:abd:kauiea:v:29:y:2016:i:3:no:5:p:155-180
    DOI: 10.4197/Islec.29-3.5
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Logic; Justice in Distribution; Efficiency and Justice; Islamic Economy. المنطق الصوري، عدالة التوزيع، الكفاءة والعدالة، الاقتصاد الإسلامي.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • P51 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Comparative Economic Systems - - - Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems
    • Z12 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics - - - Religion

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