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Permissible Ways of Securing Repayment of Debt and the Invalidity of Financial Compensation for Delinquency المؤيدات الشرعية لحمل المدين المماطل على الوفاء وبطلان الحكم بالتعويض المالي عن ضرر المماطلة

Author

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  • Nazih Kamal Hammad

    (Associate Professor, Department of Justice Umm Al Qura University, Makkah Al Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Islamic prohibition of interest invalidates any agreement to add to the principal in lieu of delay in payment. But Professor Mustafa Zarqa, in a paper published in Vol. 2, No.2 of this Journal, allows a court verdict obliging the financially capable delinquent debtor to compensate the creditor for the loss suffered due to the delay in payment. The author refutes this question on Islamic grounds, noting that the Shariah does not hold a usurper liable for the benefits of the usurped property except in case of rentable goods. If the usurped goods cannot be hired, as is the case with money, the usurper is liable for the principal only. The Islamic solution to delinquency is to remind the debtor of the punishment in the hereafter, to imprison or punish him otherwise; and, lastly, to sell his property through the court. إن من جملة ما يعنيه تحريم الربا في الشريعة عدم جواز الاتفاق على زيادة الدين مقابل تأخير الوفاء. لكن الأستاذ مصطفى الزرقاء رأى في مقال نشر في العدد الثاني (المجلد الثاني) من هذه المجلة أنه يجوز للقاضي أن يحكم على المدين المليء المماطل بتعويض مالي يدفعه للدائن مقابل ما فوته عليه من منافع بسبب تأخير الوفاء. والمقال الحاضر يبين بطلان هذا الرأي شرعًا، لأنه حتى لو سلمنا مع الأستاذ الزرقاء بأن المدين المليء المماطل هو في حكم الغاصب للمال، فإن الغاصب لا يضمن منافع المغصوب إلا في الأموال القابلة للإجارة، أما الأموال غير القابلة للإجارة شرعًا كالنقود، فلا يضمن غاصبها إلا رأس المال وحده. ويستشهد المقال بأقوال العديد من فقهاء المذاهب المؤيدة لذلك، والمبينة بأن العلاج الشرعي الصحيح للمماطلة هو أولاً: التهديد بعقوبة الله في الآخرة لمن يماطل ظلمًا في الوفاء، ثم هو ثانيًا: التعزير عمومًا بالحبس وسواه، ثم بيع مال المدين جبرًا بحكم القاضي.

Suggested Citation

  • Nazih Kamal Hammad, 1985. "Permissible Ways of Securing Repayment of Debt and the Invalidity of Financial Compensation for Delinquency المؤيدات الشرعية لحمل المدين المماطل على الوفاء وبطلان الحكم بالتعويض المالي عن ضرر المماطلة," Journal of Research in Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute., vol. 3(1), pages 107-115, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:abd:crieja:v:3:y:1985:i:1:no:14:p:107-115
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