Social participation and its gender differences among ethnic minority elders after poverty alleviation relocation (Linxia, China)

The implementation of the poverty alleviation relocation policy in northwestern minority areas of China has had a significant impact on the production and living spaces of residents. Our investigation and research have shown that the social participation of ethnic minorities is influenced not only by their social and cultural norms but also to a large extent by public policies. China’s policy of relocating people to alleviate poverty has indirectly affected the social participation of elderly ethnic minorities through the relocation of households and the reconstruction of community living spaces and infrastructure. On the one hand, the family production of elders has decreased significantly, while the number of elders participating in housework and leisure activities has increased. On the other hand, although the relocation has accelerated the modernization process in ethnic minority areas, the market work of elders who aged over 50 has not increased much to compensating the job losses. As a result, the overall productivity of the elderly has declined, and their social participation has weakened. Elderly men have been more affected by social changes than elderly women and have borne more adaptation pressures. There are significant differences in leisure activities between elderly men and women. Ethnic and religious activities have remained largely unchanged, while social activities are insufficient and may not promote good health. It is important to encourage elderly individuals, particularly men, to acquire marketable skills and assist them in finding employment. Additionally, promoting social activities for elder individuals can help create a more harmonious community.